MONKEYS. 55 



it is with the lower animals. All who have had charge of 

 menageries admit this fact : we see it plainly in our dogs and other 

 domestic animals. Brehm especially insists that each individual 

 monkey of those which he kept tame in Africa had its own peculiar 

 disposition and temper. He mentions one baboon remarkable for 

 its high intelligence ; and the keepers in the Zoological Gardens 

 pointed out to me a monkey, belonging to the New World division, 

 equally remarkable for intelligence. Rengger also insists on the 

 diversity in the various mental characters of the monkeys of the 

 same species which he kept in Paraguay ; and this diversity, as he 

 adds, is partly innate and partly the result of the manner in which 

 they have been treated or educated." My own experience endorses 

 these opinions ; but I believe that innate disposition, and not 

 education or training, is the chief factor in producing the particular 

 mental character of any given monkey. 



I thoroughly agree with Dr. Romanes in his declaration that in 

 monkeys " affection and sympathy are strongly marked the latter, 

 indeed, more so than in any other animal, not even excepting the 

 dog." The monkey "Jenny" in particular exhibited a strong 

 affection for myself, and likewise showed a maternal care of her 

 neighbours in the cage. The instance given by Mr. Darwin, and 

 already quoted, of the little American monkey who rushed to the 

 rescue of the keeper who was attacked by a baboon, appears to me 

 to illustrate a common trait of monkey-character. When any one, 

 and even a person for whom " Jenny " showed a liking, made 

 believe to strike me, " Jenny " would rush to the front of the cage, 

 would shake the door, snarl and cry, and exhibit the most intense 

 rage. If liberated, she would rush to bite the offender, flying 

 generally at the face, but invariably retreating to my arms to be 

 fondled, and to be quieted by gentle stroking and soothing words. 

 Any attempt to renew the offence was at once followed by renewed 

 rage and defensive attitudes. Mr. Darwin remarks the fact noticed 

 by Mr. Sutton, that the face of the Macacus rhesus, when much 

 enraged, grows red. Mr. Darwin himself saw the face of this 

 monkey redden when attacked by another monkey ; and he also 

 adds that the " seat-pads " also seemed to redden under the influence 

 of anger, although he could not " positively assert that this was the 

 case." My monkey " Jenny," when in a rage, blushed most 

 distinctly. A red hue shot over and obscured the normal yellow 

 tint of the skin of the face, and I noticed that the " seat-pads " 

 occasionally also grew redder. Another curious fact concerning 

 this monkey's behaviour when enraged consisted in the variations 

 she exhibited when she was irritated by myself and by another 

 person. If irritated by another person, she behaved as already 

 described ; she shook the cage and chattered, whilst her face flushed 



