230 STUDIES IN LIFE AND SENSE. 



somewhere about the vertex of the skull. Feelings of veneration, 

 of hope, or of wonder are each to be regarded as causing a defined 

 play of action in particular bumps and special quarters of the 

 brain. 



Nay more ; in a chart of a phrenological professor which lies 

 before me, I discover among the areas set forth a bump of "human 

 nature " whatever that expression may be taken to mean another 

 of " inhabitiveness," said to mean " love of home ;; ; another of 

 " mirthfulness " ; another of " marvellousness " or "spirituality"; 

 and yet another remarkable " organ " of " agreeableness." It would 

 seem that each phrenologist differs from his neighbours in respect of 

 the number of " organs " into which the brain's surface is capable of 

 being mapped out. This multiplication of qualities or propensities 

 is perchance not wonderful, seeing that as far as the reality of the 

 deductions is concerned, it matters not how many "bumps" can 

 be conglomerated on the china bust or chart of the professor of 

 phrenology. When, however, one finds an organ of "form" placed 

 somewhere about the top of the nose, one of "language" at or 

 about the eye, and a whole series of small areas over the eye, 

 mapped out into organs of "size," "order," "colour," "weight," 

 and " calculation," it is high time for common sense to step in and 

 to inquire how it comes to pass that, in these days of educational 

 advance, any person short of qualifying for graduation in quackery, 

 can believe that the workings of mind should be capable of being 

 construed through thickness of skin and bone, upon minute areas 

 of the head, many of which have no direct connection at all with the 

 brain -surface, and not one of which, be it added, can be shown to 

 possess any existence at all in the brain itself. 



Were the deductions of phrenology true, or were its claims to be 

 regarded as a science founded on definite grounds, mind could no 

 longer be regarded as a mystery, since it would be within the power 

 of the phrenologist to assert that, when swayed by emotions of one 

 kind or another, he could declare which part of the brain was being 

 affected. This declaration logically follows upon that which main- 

 tains the localisation of faculties in different parts of the brain ; but 

 it is a conclusion at the same time from which physiology simply 

 retires in outspoken disdain, as presenting us with an empirical 

 explanation of mysteries to which the furthest science has as yet 

 failed to attain. 



That we may duly understand, not merely the falsity of the old 

 phrenology, but the bearings of the new aspects of brain-science as 

 revealed by modern physiology, we must briefly glance at the general 

 conformation of the brain. The organ of mind, contained within the 

 skull, and as seen in a superficial view of things, consists of the greater 

 brain or cerebrum (fig. 23, AA), and the lesser brain or cerebellum (B). 



