BEAR- GRASS, F. glauca, is smaller and much shorter. 



These plants both grow on the dry Western prairies. 



ADAM'S NEEDLE, F. filamentosa, has lanceolate, flat 

 leaves. It is cultivated, and has escaped in places. It 

 grows wild in Florida, Louisiana, and Tennessee. 



LILIES-OF-THE-VALLEY 



THE Lily-of-the-Valley Family grows from root- 

 stocks, never from bulbs or corms. The leaves are 

 simple, parallel-veined and broad, except in the 

 Asparagus and its allies, where they are reduced to short, 

 thread-like scales with tiny branchlets in the axils. The 

 flowers grow in racemes, umbels, panicles or are solitary ; 

 they are regular and perfect. The perianth is either 

 divided into four to six segments, or is in one piece, with 

 six lobes or teeth. The stamens grow from the perianth. 

 The pistil has a two to three-celled ovary, and a style 

 with a generally three-lobed stigma. The fruit is a 

 fleshy berry with few or numerous seeds. 



Several members of this group so much resemble the 

 Lily Family Proper, that at first sight it is difficult to 

 distinguish them. 



PLATE VIII 



YELLOW CLINTONIA, Clintonia borealis. Root. A 

 slender rootstock. Stem. A simple scape, 6 f -i$ f high. 

 Leaves. Large, 2-5, oval, smooth. Flowers. Lily- 

 like, 3-6 in an umbel, drooping, greenish-yellow. Peri- 

 anth. Of six recurved segments. Stamens (a). Six. 

 Pistil (6). With a two-celled ovary. Fruit. A bright- 

 blue berry. 



The pale-yellow bells and bright leaves of the Clintonia 

 decorate many moist woodlands, from Newfoundland 

 south to North Carolina and west to Minnesota, during 

 May and June. Sometimes a flower is borne on the scape, 

 below the umbel. 



WHITE CLINTONIA, C. umbellulata, is rather taller 



