16 ENTOMOLOGY. 



ganglion arise three pairs of nerves, which are distributed to 

 the mandibles, maxilla^ and labium. The mandibular nerves 

 project forward and arise from the anterior part of the 

 ganglion, near the origin of the supra-cesophageal commis- 



Fig. ll.-A Caralnis beetle in the act of walking or running. Three legs (Li, 

 i? 2 , L a ) are directed forward, while the others i7?,, L„, K 3 \, which are directed 

 backward toward the tail, have ended their activity. <( b, c d, and e f are 

 curves described by the end of the tibia; and passing back to the end of the 

 body; b li. d i, and fg are curves described by the same legs during their pas- 

 sive change of position.— After Graber. 



sures, while the maxillary and labial nerves are directed 

 downward into those organs. 



The sympathetic ganglia are three in number; one situ- 

 uated just behind the supra-cesophageal ganglion (Fig. 8, 



