82 



ENTOMOLOGY. 



wings are thickened, folded roof-like over the body, while the young 

 are often covered with a white cottony mass. Psylla pyri Schmidt 

 injures the pear-tree; and P. tripunctata Fitch is common on pine- 

 trees. 



Family Membracidae. — Head broad, prothorax very large and of 

 varied form, being arched, compressed, hump-backed, conical, etc., 

 in different species, and often with spines and projections. Mem- 

 bracisfolutta (Linn.); Telamona monticola (Fabr.). 



Family Cicadidse. — The Cicada? are among the largest of insects, 

 and besides their broad heads, prominent eyes, and well-developed 

 ovipositor, have, in the males, a musical apparatus at the base of 

 the abdomen, by which they produce a loud, shrill, piercing noise. 

 The family also comprises the longest-lived of all insects, the 17- 

 year Cicada (C. 17-clecim Linn.) requiring seventeen years to attain 

 its growth. A single brood appears only once in seventeen years in 

 the same given region, while there are three broods which appear 

 once in thirteen years. 



Family Fulgoridae. — Antennae with only three joints; the forehead 

 or vertex enormously enlarged. Laternaria pliosphorea (Linn.), 

 Surinam and Brazil; Fulgora candelaria (Linn.), the lantern-fly of 

 China, are both among the largest of insects. Native forms of much 

 smaller size are Otiocerus coquebertii Kirby and Delphax arvemis Fitch. 



Family Cercopidse. — A large group of insects of medium or small 

 size, living in grass and on leaves; with a large broad thorax. 

 "Frog's spittle" insect, Ptyehis lineatus (Linn.). 



Fig. 69.— Ptyelus lineatus. Spittle insect, a, larva, enlarged; b, its natural 

 size; above it the mass of froth or " spittle." 



Family Jassidae. — Slenderer insects than the Cercopidae, and with 



longer hind legs, but like them living in grass and trees. Eryihroneura 



vitis (Harris), Diedrocephala mollipes (Say). 



Sub-order 3. Heteroptera. — The wings are in the true 

 bugs laid flat on the back, those of the fore jjair thick- 

 ened on the basal half or two-thirds (hemelytra); the pro- 

 thorax is large and broad. Many species give out an offen- 

 sive smell, due to a secretion emitted from a gland situated 



