96 



ENTOMOLOO Y. 



if wood-borers, live in rude cocoons of fine chips and dust, 

 united by silken threads or a glutinous matter. Some Coc- 

 cinellse and Anthrenus transform within the old larval 

 skin. In most Coleopterous pupae, the antennas lie on each 



Fig. 87.— Onthophagus rangifer. A, male; B, female.— From Darwin. 



side of the clypeus, and the mandibles, maxilla?, and palpi 

 appear as elongated tubercles. The wings are small and 

 laid upon the posterior thighs, thus exposing the meso- and 



Fig. SS.—ChaJcosoma atlns. Upper figure male, reduced; lower figure female, 

 natural size. — From Darwin. 



metathorax to view. The tarsal joints lie parallel on each 

 side of the middle line of the body, and in those pupa? 

 which transform in the soil the abdomen ends in a pair of 

 horny hooks, which aid the pupa in reaching the surface. 



