INSECTS TNJURIOUB TO AGRICULTURE. 211 



young larva upon the roots. [I has : • ed that 



the insect <"in continue propagating underground for at 



least four without the laying of fertilized 



Remedies, I: i and Southern Europe preventive remedies, 



such as the buI of the vineyards, and especially the importa- 



tion and u-<- of American st< cks, bave been thi chi< i mi ans ol su< 

 in dealing with tin'-, pest. The season, however, says Riley, in which 

 ina cticides especially Bujpho carbonates) applied to the roots will do 

 ruosl good is in the interval between the batching of tbe fertilized 

 winter-egc and the appearance of the winged females, i.e., during 

 May and June. 



1 her insects occasionally injuring the vine are the larva 

 of tin grape plume-moth i Pterophorus), which, as the leaves 

 and flower-buds expand, eats them, in certain years mate- 

 rially lessening the crop. Various other caterpillars, as the 

 "vine-dresser" (Everyz my ron), which cuts off tin- le 

 and sometimes the half-grown clusters of graj does 



also the tree-cricket), also certain leaf-beetles, do mon 

 1. - harm, while the fruit is at times infested bya leaf-roller 

 ■ botrana), and t i imetimi nted by 



the little white maggot "fa chalcid (/• ■ - >. which 



causes tin- fruit to Bhrivel, without maturing. 



Injuring Fruit-trees. 



Of insects injuring fruits, Mr. .1. A. Lintner estimi 



thai there are in the United Mate- at least 1000 species; of 

 these 210 are known t<> live at the expense of the apple-tree. 



W i can only call attention to some of the mosl pernicious 

 -. referring the reader for further information to Mr. 

 W. Saund scellent book, " [nse ts Injurious to 



Fruits." 



The Apple-tree Borer (Saperda candid 1 ir.). This 

 beetle (Fig. L02) flies about the orchard in Mai June 



in Missouri and Illinois, but in duly in New England, 

 and the female lays its eggs it gashes in : : The 



larva or grub upon hatching bores upwards w 



where it lives within a few days of thri Enlarg 



its burrow, it transforms i n a cell lined with -. situ 



