292 ENTOMOLOGY. 



off. Curiously folded, and passing round the optic ganglion, we 

 have a long whitish hody , which a facetious friend compared to ropes 

 of onions. It is one side of the system No. 1 of Siebold (Fig. 16). 

 Behind this, and extending from the top of the head downwards, we 

 find packed inimitably a second gland system (No. 2), consisting of 

 many pouches, joined by canals to a common duct, which may be 

 followed until it is discovered to enter another duct (b, Fig. 16), 

 running backwards and forwards in the body. Tracing this channel 

 towards the thorax, we see it enter. the neck, and immediately after 

 bifurcate or fork (c, Fig. 16). Following the line of one of the two 

 ducts, we come upon a reservoir (sc), leading backwards to another 

 gland system (No. 3), of singular structure, with two lobes, lying in 

 the front of the thorax on each side of the body. The position of all 

 these systems is well seen in Plate I. The operation here described 

 is not likely to be accomplished with one bee, and I spent many 

 days, and spoilt many specimens, before getting the glands in their 

 entirety, with their connections; but I have good reason for suppos- 

 ing that these successful dissections are unique." (pp. 74-76.) 



Cheshire also examines the "stomach-mouth, "as seen through the 

 transparent walls of the houey-sac, in the following way: " The 

 oesophagus, honey-sac, and chyle-stomach should be removed to- 

 gether (from a recently killed bee), and placed on a glass slip, the 

 microscope stage being made horizontal. No cover-glass should be 

 used, but sufficient very weak salt and water added. The whole 

 object will exhibit, for at least fifteen minutes, muscular contractions 

 of a most instructive kind, while the gaping and snapping of the 

 stomach-mouth, and the passing onwards of food, is often noticed. 

 If the bee operated upon has just previously been fed with honey 

 stained with some aniline dye, the effect is enhanced. By closing 

 the oesophagus I have frequently succeeded in getting not only food, 

 but even bubbles of air, gulped down into the' chyle-stomach, and, 

 by carefully pressing upon the stomach-mouth with the side of a 

 needle, the lips may be forced open, and food passed on into the 

 stomach beyond." (Bees and Bee-keeping, p. 66.) 



Dissection of Aphides.— G. B. Buckton says that "in the dissection 

 of Aphides much assistance may be often got by a selection of 

 liquids. Some of these are lust suited for the"purpose of hardening 

 the tissues, so that they may bear separation and tearing asunder 

 wit bout their destruction. < >thers are used for coloring the transpar- 

 ent organs, so as to make them more visible. These organsof Aphides 

 are so delicate that pure water will in a great measure destroy them. 

 In such cases a weak solution of common salt, or very dilute glycer- 

 ine, or sugar and water, or albumen and water, all of which should 

 nearly approach the density of the juices of the insect, will be found 

 a considerable help. 



" Some Aphides are so large, so full of liquid, and so charged with 

 oil-globules that some treatment is necessary to reduce their bulk, 

 and to allow of a sufficiently thin stratum of balsam for mounting. 



"In such cases the Aphides may be placed in spirits of turpentine, 

 and just raised to the boiling-point in a small test-tube. After soak- 

 ing 'in the turpentine for a few hours, all the oil-globules will be 



