34 The Descent of Man 



brutes, lie says, 'No doubt the difference in this respect is 

 enormous' (vol. i. p. 34). As if, however, to diminish the 

 force of this admission, he remarks, what no one would dream 

 of disputing, that there are psychical phenomena common to 

 men and to other animals. He says of man that 



* He uses in common with the lower animals inarticulate cries to 

 express his meaning, aided by gestures and the movements of the 

 muscles of the face. This especially holds good with the more simple 

 and vivid feelings, which are hut little connected ivith the higher intelli- 

 gence. Our cries of pain, fear, surprise, anger, together with their 

 appropriate actions, and the murmur of a mother to her beloved child, 

 are more expressive than any words.' — Vol. i. p. 54. 



But, inasmuch as it is admitted on all hands that man is 

 an animal, and therefore has all the four lower faculties enu- 

 merated in our list, as well as the two higher ones, the fact 

 that he makes use of common instiuctive actions in no way 

 diminishes the force of the distinction between him and 

 brutes, as regards the representative, reflective faculties. It 

 rather follows as a matter of course from his animality that 

 he should manifest phenomena common to him and to 

 brutes. That man has a common nature -with them is 

 perfectly compatible with his having, besides, a superior 

 nature and faculties of which no brute has any rudiment or 

 vestige. Indeed, all the arguments and objections in Mr. 

 Darwia's second chapter may be met by the fact that man 

 being an animal, has corresponding faculties, whence arises a 

 certain external conformity with other animals as to the 

 modes of expressing some mental modifications. In the 

 overlooking of this possibiHty of coexistence of two natures, 

 lies that error of negation to which we before alluded. Here, 

 as in other parts of the book, we may say there are two quan- 

 tities a and a+x, and Mr. Darwin, seeing the two as but 

 neglecting the x, represents the quantities as equal. 



We wiU now notice the anecdotes narrated by Mr. Darwin 



