PROGRESS, BIOLOGICAL AND OTHER 27 



it possible for a whole series of generations to be 

 linked together by experience, never could experience 

 be cumulative, never could one mind know what an- 

 other mind, remote in time, had been thinking or feel- 

 ing. Biologically, evolution since the time of origin 

 of this new process has consisted essentially in the 

 enlargement and specialization of aggregations of 

 minds, and the improvement of the tradition which 

 constitutes the mode of inheritance for these aggre- 

 gations — that tradition which, like Hugo's "Nef 

 magique et supreme" of human destiny, will even- 

 tually have "fait entrer dans I'homme tant d'azur 

 quelle a supprime les patries/' 



It will, I hope, have been clear, even from the few 

 examples which I have given, that there has been a 

 main direction in evolution. At the close of the 

 paper I shall try to point out that since motion in this 

 direction has led to the production of an increasing 

 intensity of qualities which we are unanimous in 

 calling valuable, since in other words the applica- 

 tion of our scale of values tends in the same direc- 

 tion as has the march of evolutionary history, that 

 therefore we are justified in calling this direction 

 progressive, and indeed logically compelled to give 

 to motion in this direction a name which, like prog- 

 ress, implies the idea of value. 



I shall therefore, from now on, use the term biolog- 

 ical progress to denote movement in the direction 

 which 'we have sketched in outline, and shall shortly 

 proceed to defme more accurately. In so doing, I 



