BIOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY 91 



the potentiality of being the highest type of organ- 

 ism in existence — far higher, biologically speaking, 

 not only than any human community now in exist- 

 ence, but than any which we could possibly imagine 

 as coming into existence in the future. When we re- 

 member the general agreement of biological progress 

 with our human values, it is clear that to degrade 

 the individual for the benefit of the community is 

 wrong — a biological crime. 



On the other hand, human progress depends and 

 will always depend to an extent scarcely to be over- 

 rated upon the proper organization of the commu- 

 nity. So long as present competition continues, the 

 very survival of a nation may easily depend upon 

 the efficiency of its organization as a community. 

 Biological as well as human experience makes it per- 

 fectly plain that such success, in a unit which is it- 

 self an aggregate of smaller units, depends upon the 

 degree of specialization of these constituent units and 

 the division of labour and co-operation between 

 them. 



Biology here then lays down that human indi- 

 viduals should become more and more specialized if 

 progress is to continue; but since specialization im- 

 plies the sacrifice of many potentialities for the good 

 of the whole, this apparently contradicts what we 

 have just inculcated above. 



This is where our human flexibility comes in. Man 

 should neither live whole-heartedly for himself, nor 

 throw his individuality, ant-like, beneath the wheels 



