IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 295 



PAGE 



7. A. H. Thayer's Criticism 0/ the Statement that Animals 



are Conspicuous . . , . . . .321 



8. The All-Importa7ice of Instifictive Attitudes and Move- 



ments in the Display of Warning Colours 



9. Warning or Intimidatijig Sou?ids . 



10. Intimidating Attitudes ..... 



11. Directive Marks and Structures 



12. The Seasonal Development of Directive Marks 



323 

 324 

 324 



325 



326 



'. Synaposematic or Common Warning Colours (Mullerian 



Mimicry) . . . 327 



1. The Mathematical Statement of the Advantage Conferred 



by Perfected Mullerian Resemblance . . .328 



2. The Advantage Conferred during the Growth of Mullerian 



Resemblance. . . . . . . .329 



3. Strihng Examples of Mullerian Resemblance . '331 



a. The New World 331 



b. The Old World . . . . . . '333 



4. 77ie Limit to Mullerian Unification of Warning Colours 



in any Country . . . . . . -336 



5. Seaso?ial Tratisition fro?n Cryptic to Synaposeniatic Defence 339 



6. Seasonal Transition in degrees of Synaposematic Defence, or 



from Aposematic to Synaposematic Defence . .341 



7. The Gradual Predominance of the Mullerian Hypothesis. 342 



8. Diaposematic Rese?nblatice ; Reciprocal Warning Colours . 344 



9. Primary and Secondary Mullerian Resemblance ; Proto- 



aTid Deuterosynaposematic Resemblance . . -345 



10. Further Indirect Evidence Supporting a Miillerian or 



Synaposematic Interpretation . . . . -34^* 



11. Mullerian Resemblance Associated with Warning Colours; 



Batesian Mimicry Associated with Cryptic Colours . 348 



12. Mimetic Patterns in Stations or Localities different from 



those of the Model 349 



13. Classes of Facts which have Recently been Urged in 



Support of the Batesian Hypothesis . . -350 



a. Butterflies Exhibiting Mimetic Resemblance on the 

 Upper Surface of the Wings and Procryptic Defence 



on the Under Surface . . . . . -350 



b. Dimorphic or Polymorphic Mimetic Butterflies with 

 Forms Resembling Different Models , . .354 



