348 THE PLACl' OF MIMICRY 



II. Miillcrian Rcseniblancc Associated icitJi Warniiicr 

 Colours; Batcsia)i Mimicry Associated with Cryptic 

 Colours. — Protective Mimicry is, as Wallace has stated, 

 merely ' an exceptional form of protective resemblance ' 

 (see p. 226). On the other hand, Miillerian Resemblance 

 only differs from ordinary Warning Colours in that it is 

 common to two or more species. When, therefore, we 

 desire to obtain a general indication of the probable 

 interpretation of a certain resemblance it is reasonable 

 to consider as a whole the group to which the species 

 exhibiting it belongs. Tested in this wa\-, the vast 

 majority of the superficial resemblances of the Lepi- 

 doptera and Coleoptera — for the two Orders suppl)' 

 wonderfully concordant evidence ^ — are Miillerian and not 

 Batesian. They are chiefly manifested in groups with 

 tlistinct Warning Colours, and, furthermore, the principal 

 Aposematic sections always seem to include exam[jles of 

 these resemblances. In the Cr\ ptic groups, on the other 

 hand, the)' either do not occur or else they form well- 

 defined subordinate groups, of which all the members 

 are Mimetic, or Mimetic and Aposematic. The further 

 the stud\- of Mimetic Resemblance is carried the more 

 clear it becomes that the afhnitv is with Warnin;^- and not 

 with Cr\ptic Colours. We meet with striking exceptions, 

 however, in the species with a Mimetic pattern on the 

 upper and a Procryptic pattern on the under surface (see 

 pp. 350-4), as well as in the seasonal transitions of certain 

 species (see pp. 320, 339-41). 



Equally significant is the ever-increasing evidence that 

 groups wliich contain imitators also include other species 

 which are imitated. The same species may even act in 

 both cajxicities, as has been described on pj). 215-18. 

 A very striking exam[)l(! was discovered by Mr. R. 

 Shelford in P>orneo. Loni/icorn beetles beloncrini^ to 

 the Clyti)iae tend, nearl)- all over the world, to resemble 

 wasps or other specially defended Hymenoptera. This 

 is the case with our own Wasp-beetle (Clytus arietis) 

 as described on pp. 251-2. Well, Mr. Shelford has 



' Trans, Ent, Soc, Lo?id., 1902, pp. 392-7. 



