J 



-,6o THE PLACE OF MIMICRY 



d. Tliat between distasteful insects, Syiiaposcviatic 



(see p. 327). 

 c. That between a palatable nilmic and its un[)alatable 



model, Pscndaposc)}iatic or Mimetic in the i^atesian 



sense. ^ 



The essential clement in Protective Mimicr)- is that it 

 is a False Warning (Pseud-Aposematic) ; in Aggressive 

 Mimicry that it is a False Attraction (Pseud-Episematic). 



Some have considered that Mimicry implies resem- 

 blance to a ))iovi}io; object, but apart from the various 

 other likenesses between animals shown in the above 

 classification, there are common Cr)[nic Resemblances 

 to drifting leaves, swayinij bits of twijj^, &c., while true 

 Mimetic Resemblances arc often speciall)- adapted for 

 the attitude of prolonged rest. 



The term ' Mimicry' is generally used to include S) napo- 

 sematic as well as Pseudaposematic Resemblances, the 

 fornicr being spoken of as 'Miillerian', the latter as ' Bate- 

 sian' Mimicr)-. It must be borne in mind, however, that 

 in Synaposematic colouring the warning is genuine, while 

 in Pseudaposematic it is a sham. These Greek terms, or 

 their respective English equivalents. ' Common Warning 

 Colours' and ' Protective Mimicry', make the essential 

 distinction sufficiendy clear. Nevertheless, it is impossible 

 to avoid using the term * Mimicry * in connexion with a 

 Miillerian association, because the relationship between 

 Model and Mimic rec|uires even more consideration in 

 Synaposematic than in Pseudaposematic Resemblance. 

 Furdiermore, the ultimate position of vast numbers of 

 examjjles is still under discussion. It is certain that they 

 are mimics in the sense of resembling- a model, l)ut 

 opinions differ upon the question whether they are Pate- 

 sian or Miillerian. In speaking of the origin and growth 

 of these resemblances the uncjualihed term ' Mimicry ' may 

 be conveniently employed, whether the likeness be Pseud- 

 aposematic or Synaposematic. In speaking of their 

 bionomic value the unqualified term should never be used. 



' For a further account of each of ihe heads a.-e.^ and more numerous 

 illustrations, consult the writer's article, Mimicry, in Diet. Philos. and 

 Psychol,, J. M. Baldwin, New York and London, 1902, vol. ii, pp. 79, 80. 



