376 THE PLACE OE MIMICRY 



have been copied in two books published in the United 

 States, and one in German)-. On the second plate, exhibit- 

 ing in Fij^s. 12-15 '^ Synaposematic con"il)ination from 

 Eastern lirazil (called a 'Mimicry-Ring' by Professor 

 Weismann), the descriptions of Ei^^s. 12 and 13 as well 

 as of 14 and 15 have been transposed.] 



^. Ivipcrfcct Resemblance, not to a)iy PiDtiiuIar Species, 

 but to the General Appear aiice of an I ^npalatable Group, — 

 There are also examples which show us the origin of 

 mimicr\' — exami>les in which the resemblance is ver\- im- 

 perfect, but, nevertheless, sufficient to afford some protec- 

 tion. The blue luiploeas of India, &c. (such as Stictoploea 

 harrisi, Trepsic/irois niulciber, and haniia splendens, in- 

 cluding iraii'ada) form a very characteristic group, while 

 their general type of a|)}:)earance is imperfectly mimicked 

 by several day-llying moths belonging to the CJialcosiinae 

 (Callaniesia niida)}ia^ ylnusia aliris, . 1 . sanj^ui/Iua). It is 

 extremely probable that the wonderfully close likeness 

 of many mimetic species arose by gradual stages fn^m 

 a general resemblance to a type of colour or pattern 

 possessed by a large group of unpalatable insects. 



[In this case the moths belong to a group admitted to 

 be distasteful, and the resemblance is clearly Mlillerian : 

 see also r. on p. 372.] 



[Considering the great change in the point of view that 

 has occurred since 1890, when the above-mentioned 

 examples were shown at Leeds, the question naturally 

 arises as to whether anything will remain of the hypo- 

 thesis originated by Pates. The clearest examples 

 known to me are the cases of close likeness to a poisonous 

 serpent borne by harmless species, and also by large 

 caterpillars (see i)p. 367-S). It is also likely that many of 

 the resemblances to stinsjino^ insects and ants are Batesian. 

 Examples to the contrary are mentioned on pp. 230-1. 

 It must also be mentioned that Miillerian Resemblance 

 is very extensiv^ely developed among the stinging Ilyme- 

 noptera themselves, see p. 278. Numbers of other cases 

 might be quoted.] 



