ANALYTICAL INDEX 



445 



space and time relationships of, 247- 

 50 ; model and mimic may be 

 widely separated provided the enemies 

 can cross the intervening barrier, 

 217-18, 361, 382 ; both Batesian and 

 Miillerian largely independent of 

 size, 366, 367 ; independent of 

 zoological affinity, 229-34, 232-3, 

 235~7> 336 ; often closest when 

 affinity is remote, 235 ; essentially 

 superficial, 237-40 ; mimetic like- 

 ness unaccompanied by any other ap- 

 proach, 237-40 ; affects deep-seated 

 parts when superficial likeness is 

 thereby increased, 238, 239 ; espe- 

 cially characteristic of female, 215- 

 17, 244-7, 279, 372-5; special ad- 

 vantages to female of, 246, 279 ; 

 ancestral appearance preserved in 

 non-mimetic male, 244-7 J Wallace's 

 conditions of, 361, 362. 



— Complexity of\ — iy)\ analysed 

 into its components, 240-2 ; made up 

 of colour, pattern, form, attitude, and 

 movement, 241 ; diverse modes of 

 attainment of, 250-67, 280, in 

 members of different Orders, 250- 

 61, of the same Order, 261-7; at- 

 tained in diverse ways in Beetles, 

 251-2, 255-6, 257 n. I, 261-2, in 

 Lepidoptera, 251, 262-6; pigments 

 of mimetic Pierinae different from 

 those of models, 262, 263 ; attained 

 in different ways by Ceria (Diptera), 

 Oberea (Longicorn), &c., and Mem- 

 bracidae (Homoptera), 280 ; mimetic 

 transparency produced in variety of 

 ways in Lepidoptera, 251, 263-6, 

 276, 365, 366 ; resemblance not in 

 body but in covering shield of Mem- 

 bracidae, 258, 258 (Fig. 6), 259, 260, 

 280, 369 ; composite resemblance to 

 two objects, 368, 369 ; head of model 

 (ant) represented at tail of mimic, 254, 

 368 ; di- or polymorphism in mimetic 

 species, especially females of, 354, 

 364, 365 n. I, 372-6 ; advantage of di- 

 and polymorphism in, 354-6, 372 ; 

 seasonal changes of butterflies and, 

 339-42 ; chiefly seen in imago, but 

 prepared for in the larval and pupal 

 stages, 242-4 ; ' eye-spots ' as exam- 

 ples of, 326. 



— Infe?'ences as to Origin and 

 Growth ^:— pattern of non-mimetic 

 ancestor may determine trend of, 

 218 ; favoured by initial resem- 



blance, 382 ; examples bearing on 

 origin of, 376 ; mimic being younger 

 may present a picture of former 

 condition of model, 364, 365 n. i ; 

 migration and permanence of resi- 

 dence may be inferred from, 363-4 ; 

 degeneracy of lost scales greatest in 

 best moth mimics of wasps, &c., 

 365, 366. 



— Evidence iti favour of: — evidence 

 for, compared with that for Universal 

 Gravitation, xxvi, 271 ; Lloyd 

 Morgan's observations bearing on, 

 212; evidence of distastefulness in 

 butterfly models, 269, 279, 279 n. i ; 

 distasteful moths seized and rejected 

 by wild birds, 284 ; evidence of 

 advantage conferred by, 281 ; evi- 

 dence that mimicry averts attack, 

 288 ; insufficient direct evidence of 

 attacks, 268-70 ; indirect evidence of 

 attacks by birds, 281-3 • see also 

 evidence and birds. 



— Relation to Protective {Pro- 

 cryptic) Resemblance'. — relation of, 

 to other resemblances in nature, 

 225-8 ; procryptic resemblance 

 closely related to, 225, 226, 312, 314, 

 315, 348, 359, 360 ; combined with 

 procryptic colouring in certain butter- 

 flies, 350-4; instantaneous tran- 

 sition from procryptic resemblance 

 to, 367, 368 ; suggested interpre- 

 tation of, as a Syncryptic resem- 

 blance, 322 ; distinguished from 

 Syncryptic resemblance, 312, 359- 

 61. 



— Relatio7i to Miillerian Mimi- 

 cry.— s^^ also Mimicry Miillerian; 

 Batesian and Miillerian mimicry 

 compared, 211-18, 222-4, 226, 

 227, 329, 359-62, -^-iO-^y; differ- 

 ences as regard Wallace's conditions 

 of Miillerian theory and, 362 ; gradual 

 predominance of Miillerian theory 

 over Batesian, 212, 213, 223, 342-4, 

 370-6 ; new interpretation of an 

 old example (//. misippus), 211-18, 

 'F. A.' in Punch on. 213-15; 

 Miillerian does not differ from 

 Batesian mimicry in importance of 

 instinct, inferences as to history and 

 migration, independence of size, and 

 confirmation of history by structure, 

 363; Miillerian mimicry often in- 

 cluded in Batesian, 360; interpreta- 

 tion as Batesian or Miillerian often 



