230 THEORIES OF MIMICRY 



those between forms closely allied. To the former 

 examples of Mimicry it has been contended that the 

 Batesian Theory alone applies. It may be urged on the 

 contrary that the resemblances between remote forms 

 have not been as yet sufficiently examined from the 

 Mullerian standpoint ; and that there are, nevertheless, 

 and have been for many years, the strongest indications 

 that here also much of the ground formerly believed to 

 be covered by the older theory will be found to be 

 occupied by the newer. 



The Mullerian Theory by no means demands that the 

 methods of defence in the members of a convergent group 

 should be uniform. 



So long ago as 1887 l the present writer tabulated the 

 colours and markings of all insects which up to that time 

 had been experimentally proved to be specially defended, 

 and was enabled to apply to the whole group of con- 

 spicuous species which had been tested the explanation 

 offered by Fritz Muller. 2 This general conclusion will be 

 found to be supported by many facts and considerations 

 in the paper referred to. 



A good example is to be found in the resemblance 

 which the black-and-yellow-ringed unpalatable larva of 

 Euchelia Jacob aeae (the Cinnabar Moth) bears to a wasp. 

 It is in this case ' more than probable (as has been 

 previously suggested by other observers) that the species 

 rendered conspicuous by alternate rings of black and 

 yellow gain great advantages from the justly respected 

 appearance of Hornets and Wasps. It must not be 

 forgotten, however, that the latter forms also probably 

 gain to some extent by the greater publicity which follows 

 from the resemblance.' 3 



The attention of those who dwell on the excessive 

 amount of assumption in the theories of Mimicry may be 

 invited to the numerous tables in the paper quoted above. 

 In these will be found recorded the whole of the results 



1 Proc. Z00L Soc, Lond., 1887, pp. 191-274, The Experimental Proof 

 of the Protective Value of Colour and Markings in Insects in reference 

 to their Vertebrate Enemies. 



2 I.e. p. 227. 3 I.e. pp. 235, 238. 



