X 



THE PLACE OF MIMICRY IN A SCHEME 

 OF DEFENSIVE COLORATION 



The title of this essay formed the subject of a lecture on Mimicry, 

 delivered September 5, 1890, before the British Association at Leeds, 

 and published in abstract in Nature, October 2, 1890, p. 557. The 

 attempt has now been made to bring this lecture up to date by including 

 a brief account of the most important results which have been published 

 since its delivery, such as those contained in the writer's article on 

 Colours 0/ Animals I, Bionomics in the Encyclopaedia Brilannica, vol. xxvii, 

 1902, pp. 146-50, and in numerous memoirs and short communications 

 by Dr. F. A. Dixey, Mr. G. A. K. Marshall, Mr. R. Shelford, Mr. F. 

 Merrifield, Mr. A. H. Thayer, Mr. W. J. Kaye, Mr. S. A. Neave, Mr. F. 

 Finn, Dr. G. B. Longstaff, Mr. W. Holland, Mr. A. H. Hamm, the author, 

 and others. The examples brought forward as illustrations at Leeds 

 are, except when otherwise indicated, marked by asterisks. 



In this essay the word 'group' is employed to express an arrange- 

 ment based on affinity, the word 'combination' or 'association' to 

 express an arrangement founded on bionomic relationship. Thus a genus 

 or family is spoken of as a group, a set of Miillerian models and mimics 

 as an association or combination. 



CONTENTS 



I. CRYPTIC COLOURING OR PROTECTIVE AND 

 AGGRESSIVE RESEMBLANCES ; — PROCRYPTIC 

 AND ANTICRYPTIC COLOURS 



A. Procryptic, or Protective Resemblance 



a. General Protective Resemblance . 



b. Special Protective Resemblance 



1 . The Neutralization of Shadow 



2. Adjustable Neutralization 0/ Shadow 



3. The Redtiction of Shadoiv by Attitude . 



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297 



297 



297 



298 

 299 

 300 



300 



4. The Choice of Appropriate Surfaces upon which to Rest 301 



