IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 295 



7. A. H. Thayer's Criticism of the Statement that Animals 



are Conspicuous ...... 



8. The Alt-Importance of Instinctive Attitudes and Move 



ments in the Display of Warning Colours 



9. Warning or Intimidating Sounds . 



10. Intimidah'ng Altitudes ...... 



11. Directive Marks and Structures .... 



12. The Seasonal Development of Directive Marks 



* 



PAGE 

 321 



3 2 3 

 324 

 324 

 325 

 326 



. Synaposematic or Common Warning Colours (Mullerian 



Mimicry) , 327 



1. The Mathematical Statement of the Advantage Conferred 



by Perfected Mullerian Resemblance . . -328 



2. The Advantage Conferred during the Groivth of Miillerian 



Resemblance. . . . . . . .329 



3. Striking 'Examples of Mullerian Resemblance . -331 



a. The New World -. 331 



b. The Old World 333 



4. The Limit to Mullerian Unification of Warning Colours 



in any Country . . . . . . . 336 



5. Seasonal Transition from Cryptic to Synaposematic Defence 339 



6. Seasonal Transition in degrees of Synaposematic Defence, or 



from Aposematic to Synaposematic Defence . .341 



7. The Gradual Predominance of the Mullerian Hypothesis. 342 



8. Diaposemalic Resemblance ; Reciprocal Warning Colours . 344 



9. Primary and Secondary Miillerian Resemblance ; Proto- 



and Deuterosynaposematic Resemblance . . -345 



10. Further Indirect Evidence Supporting a Mullerian or 



Synaposematic Interpretation . . . . -346 



11. Mullerian Resemblance Associated with Warning Colours; 



Batesian Mimicry Associated with Cryptic Colours . 348 



12. Mimetic Patterns in Stations or Localities different front 



, those of the Model ....... 349 



13. Classes of Facts which have Recently been Urged in 



Support of the Batesian Hypothesis . . .350 



a. Butterflies Exhibiting Mimetic Resemblance on the 

 Upper Surface of the Wings and Procryptic Defence 



on the Under Surface . . . . . 350 



b. Dimorphic or Polymorphic Mimetic Butterflies ivith 



, Forms Rese?nbling Different Models . . • 354 



