312 THE PLACE OF MIMICRY 



in Belenois} Further investigations into the stimuli 

 under which the seasonal forms develop are briefly men- 

 tioned on pp. 340, 341. 



16. Syncryptic or Common Protective Resemblances. — 

 Colouring for concealment in similar environments may 

 incidentally produce superficial resemblances between 

 species. Thus, desert forms of the most varied kinds 

 are coloured in the same way, while a Special Protective 

 Resemblance to lichen, bark, grasses, pine-needles, &c, 

 may often lead to a tolerably close similarity between 

 the species which are thus concealed. Such Syncryptic 

 Resemblance is to be distinguished from Mimicry and 

 Common Warning Colours, in which the superficial like- 

 ness is not incidental but an end in itself. 



Syncryptic Resemblance has much in common with the 

 superficial likeness incidentally produced by similar 

 functional adaptations. Thus mole-like forms adapted 

 for a burrowing life have been independently evolved in 

 Insectivora (true moles), Rodentia, and Marsupialia. 

 Such resemblances, which have been called Analogical 

 or Adaptive, may be termed Syntechnic, because they 

 follow from similar modes of life. Syntechnic Resem- 

 blance is an incidental result of similarity in the dynamic 

 conditions of life, just as Syncryptic Resemblance is 

 incidentally produced by similarity in its static conditions. 2 



B. Anticryptic or Aggressive Resemblance. 



It is unnecessary to speak in detail about concealment 

 for the purpose of attack, inasmuch as all the principles en- 

 countered are the same as those upon which Procryptic or 

 Protective Resemblance depends. The colouring of the 

 lion harmonizing with the desert is a good example of 

 General Resemblance, a huge constricting serpent lying 

 in wait for prey and hanging like a broken branch from 

 a forest tree serves equally to illustrate Special Resem- 



1 See Dr. F. A. Dixey's interesting account of these most valuable 

 experiments in Proc. Ent. Soc, Lond., 1906, p. civ ; 1907, p. xii. 



2 See the article Mimicry, in Diet, philos. and psycho!., J. M. Bald- 

 win, New York and London, 1902, vol. ii, pp. 79-80. In this 

 article the present writer, with the kind help of Mr. Arthur Sidgwick, 

 introduced the terms Syncryptic and Syntechnic. 



