IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 375 



above were shown as illustrations in 1890, except the 

 sub-species antinorii, polytropkus, and libullus, and the 

 female forms plauemoides and trimeni. x 



[The grey, black-spotted body of these Papilios 

 renders it probable, as in Papilio agestor, that the 

 resemblance is Mullerian. The examples in which 

 Papilios are models for mimicry, and the proved un- 

 palatability of P. aristolochiae should also be taken into 

 account (see b. and e. on pp. 371, 373 ; also p. 269). Con- 

 cerning the remarkable division of females into forms 

 mimicking different models see pp. 354-6.] 



[In Professor Weismann's recent important work 2 the 

 forms of Papilio dardanus {merope) and their models are 

 for the most part unfortunately represented incorrectly. 

 Plate I, Fig. 1, described as 'Papilio merope, male, 

 Africa ', is an Abyssinian female : Fig. 5, ' Amauris 

 niavius, South Africa, immune model of Fig. 4/ is the 

 western sub-species ; the eastern and southern sub-species, 

 dominicanus, has a much larger white patch like its 

 mimic from the same area, correctly shown in Fig. 4 : 

 Fig. 6, 'Papilio merope, third form of mimetic female, 

 South Africa,' is the female of Papilio echerioides, a co- 

 mimic with this third form of the same models, Amauris 

 echeria and ^4 . albimaculata : Fig. 7, 'A mauris echeria, South 

 Africa, immune model of Fig. 6,' is not the model but the 

 mimic named in the description of Fig. 6, viz. the third 

 or cenea form of mimetic female of P. dardanus (merope), 

 from the east and south of Africa. The figures are 

 copied, unfortunately incorrectly, from Haase, 3 the 

 unqualified term ' immune ', to which exception has been 

 taken on p. 31 8, being also quoted from the same author. 

 Professor Weismann's prolific labours and great dis- 

 coveries give an authority and influence to these unlucky 

 copyist's errors, and therefore it is of the utmost import- 

 ance to set them right in detail. Already, indeed, they 



1 The above account of P. dardanus has been re-written and much 

 amplified in accordance with existing knowledge. 



2 The Evolution Theory, English transl., London, 1904, vol. i, pi. i. 



3 Untersuchungen iiber die Mimicry, plates i and ii, in Biblioiheca Zoo- 

 logica, Stuttgart, Bd. iii, Heft 8, 189 1-3. 



