IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 377 



[From this point onwards, asterisks are again employed 

 to indicate the lecture illustrations. 1 ] 



B. PSEUDALLAPOSEMATIC RESEMBLANCE : MlMETIC REPRE- 

 SENTATION of some Adventitious Object Associated 

 with the Model.. 



[The examples hitherto observed fall under the head of 

 Protective Mimicry (Pseudaposematic Resemblance) and 

 are therefore given this position. It is not unlikely that 

 hereafter Pseudallepisematic likeness may be found in 

 certain cases of Aggressive Mimicry.] 



2 A very striking instance was discovered by Mr. W. L. 

 Sclater in tropical South America. The well-defended 

 and abundant leaf-carrying ants of the genus Atta* 

 {Oecodoma) are mimicked by an immature Homopterous 

 insect * (a Membracid) possessing a shape and colour 

 which closely resemble the ant together with the piece 

 of leaf it is carrying. [For other probable instances and 

 figure see pp. 259-60.] 



C. Pseudepisematic Resemblance or Aggressive 

 Mimicry, including Alluring Colours. 



This division not only includes the examples of Aggres- 

 sive Mimicry, in which an animal resembles another, and 

 so is enabled to approach and injure it in some way, but 

 also the cases of Alluring Colouring, in which an animal 

 possesses a lure which is attractive to its prey. These 

 latter are often regarded as examples of Aggressive 

 (Anticryptic) Resemblance, but their logical position is 

 here. 



It has been believed that examples of Aggressive 



1 The paragraph on the attainment of transparency by certain 

 Sphingid and Sesiid moths which appeared in this place has now been 

 transferred to pp. 365-6. 



2 With the exception of the paragraphs in square brackets, the 

 following statements, as far as the end of the fourth sentence under 

 ' IV. Epigamic Colours ', are reproduced from the lecture-notes published 

 in Nature, 1890, p. 557. They have been revised for the present work. 

 The Section on Pseudallaposematic Resemblance was originally placed 

 after that upon Pseudepisematic Resemblance. 



