IN DEFENSIVE COLORATION 381 



The mutual relationship of the above-mentioned classes 

 of colours is shown in tabular form on p. 226. 



My kind friend, Mr. Arthur Sidgwick, suggested the 

 whole of the convenient Greek terminology which has 

 been employed in this brief statement of the bionomic 

 value of colour and marking in animals, especially 

 insects. 



Note on the Resemblance of a Western Chinese species 

 of A thy ma and of Limenitis to the male of Hypolimnas 

 misippns. — This remarkable resemblance has been 

 described on pp. 217-18. Athyma punctata is the better 

 and probably the older mimic, and it is likely that 

 Limenitis albomaculata has been brought into the com- 

 bination by a secondary mimetic approach. This conclu- 

 sion, however, requires a careful study of the related 

 species for its establishment. 



Not until comparatively recently has it been known 

 that the interesting and puzzling relationship of Athyma 

 and Limenitis to Hypolimnas misippns only holds in the 

 male sex of all three species. The Leech Collection 

 contains no female of either Limenitis or Athyma, and 

 Monsieur C. Oberthiir, of Rennes, only obtained the 

 latter in 1 902, the former about ten years earlier. 1 Among 

 hundreds of the male Limenitis he received only eight 

 females; of the A thy via no more than two. In pattern 

 the females are quite unlike their males, but resemble 

 each other as closely as do these latter. We have there- 

 fore an undoubted association between the Limenitis and 

 the Athyma extending to both sexes, while the two males 

 also possess the pattern of the male of H. misippns. 



Although it seems certain that the primary model has 

 never been an inhabitant of the localities from which the 

 mimics have been received, it is possible, as Mr. R. Shel- 

 ford has pointed out to me, that these latter may extend, 

 or may formerly have extended, southward, so as to 

 overlap the northern boundary of the range of H. misippns. 

 Although more investigations into the distribution of the 



1 Bull.Soc. Ent. Fr. 1902, pp. 16 1-2. See also Eludes d'Ent., xviiie. 

 livraison, p. 15, pi. 6, fig. 82, Nov. 1893, Rennes. 



