ANALYTICAL INDEX 



473 



Characters ; essential to Lamarck's 

 theory, 99; forms of teeth and, 114, 

 115; forms of joints and, 112, 114, 

 115; the germ-plasm and, 131-2 ; 

 discussed and rejected by J. C. 

 Prichard (1826), 177-84 ; required by 

 the interpretation of mimicry by the 

 theory of external causes, 267. 



Transmutation of species, Huxley's 

 belief in (1859), 195 ; older beliefs in, 



54-6. 



Transparency, attained in diverse 

 ways in Lepidoptera, 263-6 ; by loss 

 of scales in mimetic moths, 251, 276, 

 365 ; by transparency of scales, 251, 

 266, 366 ; in oceanic forms, 298. 



Tree-shrews mimicking squirrels, 

 367, 367 n. 1 ; distasteful qualities of, 

 367 n. 1. 



Trees, fossil, as evidence of uni- 

 formity of conditions, 18, 19. 



TrepsicJirois mulciber, 372, 376. 



Trias, appearance of Limulus in, 40. 



tridens, Acronycta, uniformity in 

 broods of, 87 n. 1. 



Trilobites among the earliest 

 fossils, 5, 30 ; preserved with anten- 

 nae, 17, 39; ancestral position of, 

 38, 39 ; dominance of, in oldest 

 rocks, 39 ; rapid decline of, 41. 



Trimen, Roland, on recent changes 

 in the distribution of African butter- 

 flies, 52 n. I ; discovery of mimetic 

 females of Pap. dardanus by, 57, 

 57 n. 1 ; on dorippus f. of L. chrys- 

 ippus in S. Africa, 71 n. 1 ; on 

 preferential mating of African butter- 

 flies, 86-7 ; on seasonal forms of 

 Hypanis (Byblia) acheloia, 87 ; on 

 tropical biological stations, 89, 89 n. 1, 

 90 ; on African mimicry, 222 ; on 

 African Miillerian mimicry, 223 n. 6 ; 

 on Miillerian mimicry of Aletis, &c, 

 for L. chrysippus, 232 ; description of 

 planemoides female f. of Pap. dar- 

 danus by, 374 n. 3. 



trimeni, a primitive female f. of 

 the Papilio dardanus group, 374, 

 375 ; roughly mimicking Amaitris 

 niavius f. dotninicanus, 374 n. 2 : 

 see also dardanus. 



Trincomalie, Ceylon, dorippus f. 

 of L. chrysippus at, 70 n. 2. 



Tring Zoological Museum, re- 

 searches on geographical distribution 

 at, xvi ; specimens of L. chrysippus 

 in, 321 n. 1. 



Trinidad, examples of mimicry in, 

 235 ; colour of the chief Ithomiine- 

 centred combination in, 350 ; char- 

 acter of under surface of mimetic 

 Protogonius in, 351. 



trinodosus, Heterojiotus, mimicry 

 of ant by, 258 (Fig. 6), 259. 



Tristram, Canon H. B., on colours 

 of desert animals (1859), 195, 196. 



Triton, see newt, 130. 



Trochammina, an existing genus 

 in the Permian, 27. 



Trochiliuni (see also Sesia) : 

 method of attaining transparency in 

 mimicry of wasps by, 251, 365, 366. 



Trocliilium (Sesia) apiforme, 365 ; 

 — crabroniforme (bembeciforme), 366. 



trophonius, a female f. of the 

 Papilio dardanus group, mimicking 

 Limnas chrysippus, 374, 374 n. 1 ; 

 bred from female forms trophonius 

 and hippocoon, 72 n. I : see also 

 dardanus. 



Tropical America : see America, 

 Central and South. 



Tropics, change of fleece in, 190. 



Tryphaena, value of bright hind 

 wings of, 303, 304. 



Tryphaena pronuba, 314 n. 2. 



Tschermak, rediscovery of Mendel's 

 principle by, xxix. 



Tse-tse fly, limit imposed on higher 

 animals by, 100, 



tugela, Precis, under side procryp- 

 tic in both wet and dry seasons, 340 ; 

 S. African habitat of, 340. 



Tunicates, uncertain ancestry of, 

 26. 



1 Tussocks ', fine branched hairs of, 

 325 ; defence afforded by, 325, 326. 



Tutt, J. W., on darkening of N. 

 moths, 309, 309 n. I. 



Twins, see ' identical ' twins. 



Twins with differences greater than 

 between ordinary brothers and sisters, 



! 35- . . , 



Twigs, protective (procryptic) re- 

 semblance to, 298, 299 ; procryptic 

 resemblance to swaying, 360. 



Tylor, Professor E. B., on origin 

 of implements, 109 ; life of J. C. 

 Prichard by, 173. 



typhle, Siphonostoma, concealed 

 among leaves of Zoster a in shallow 

 water, 298, 299. 



tytia, Caduga, mimicked by Pap. 

 agestor, 371. 



