IDEAS CONCERNING THE ENDOCRINES 269 
STIMULATING MUSCULAR TONE 
McNeile, of Los Angeles, uses the posterior pitui- 
tary principle injected directly into the uterus during 
Caesarean section. This is because it directly stimu- 
lates the muscle fibres of the uterus, causing contrac- 
tion and preventing hemorrhage. He uses it while 
doing the operation at term, or if done early to re- 
lieve, and to sterilize a tuberculous patient (De Lee’s 
operation). 
For this effect on muscle fibres it is used also to 
maintain the heart in myocardial tendencies, to help 
postoperative shock and to maintain a normal bowel 
tone and stomach tone to prevent postoperative dis- 
tention, obstruction, and dilated stomach. The use of 
pituitrin in properly selected cases will avert many 
instrumental deliveries from uterine inertia. The in- 
jection of adrenalin and normal salt, intravenously 
(30 m. of 1-1000 solution to one pint), or subcuta- 
neously, is a great help in shock. 
As the father of ovariotomy, Dr. Ephraim McDowell 
became a famous benefactor of womanhood. I honor 
the toilers who give their all to establish vital facts 
in surgery and in medicine; these men who triumph 
despite difficulties and adverse criticism; these intel- 
lectural giants who rise high above doubt. There has 
been no braver act than that of McDowell, who calmly 
operated while a howling mob, whose attitude was 
dangerous and malicious, was just outside the humble 
home. Much unkind and prejudicial propaganda has 
had to be overcome since that time, and students of 
organotherapy have had to face much criticism, de- 
spite all of which they have courageously gone forward 
and achieved. 
Many have said that these hormones would not be 
effective if given per os; that they would be destroyed 
by the digestive processes; and that such dosage would 
be inaccurate. Clinical experience decisively disproves 
