6 ESSENTIALS OF CHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY 



Solid ammonium sulphate. 



,, sodio-magnesium sulphate. 

 Standard solution of uranium acetate or nitrate for estimating 



phosphates.^ 

 Standard solution of mercviric nitrate for estimating urea. 



„ „ „ „ „ chlorides. 



„ „ silver „ „ „ 



Caustic soda, 40 per cent. 

 Bromine. 



Solution of potassium bichromate. 

 Phenyl hydrazine hydrochloride. 

 Solid sodium acetate. 

 Phospho-tungstic acid. 

 Glacial phosphoric acid. 



Each student should be provided with— 



A Bunsen burner. 



1 dozen test-tubes in test-tube stand. 



2 or 3 4-oz. flasks. 



2 flat porcelain dishes. 



2 or 4 4-oz. beakers. 



2 small glass funnels and a funnel stand. 



A glass stirring rod and a small pipette. 



1 burette. 



An iron tripod with wire gauze. 



Filter papers and litmus papers. 



A 100-c.c. cylindrical measuring glass. 



A thermometer marked in degrees Centigrade. 



A urinometer. 



A tin can on a stand to be used as a water-bath. 

 Apparatus which is not so frequently used, such as that employed in 

 generating carbonic anhjdride, carbonic oxide, or sulphuretted hydrogen, 

 may be given out as required. The laboratory should also possess a good 

 balance, with its accessories, water and air baths, kept at various temperatures, 

 retorts, and analjrfcical apparatus generally. The microscope, polarimeter, 

 spectroscope, dialyser, are also frequently employed in chemico-physiological 

 investigations. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASUEES 



The weights and measures usually employed in science are those of the 

 metric system, but as in this country the practical physician still largely 

 uses English grains and ounces, we may compare the two systems in the 

 following way : — 



Weights 



(English System.) 



1 grain = 0'0648 gramme 



1 ounce = 487'5 grains = 28-3595 grammes 



1 lb. = 16 oz. = 7,000 grains = 453-5925 „ 



The scruple = 20 grains = 1-29G gramme, and the drachm = 60 grains = B'SSS 

 grammes, are retained in use, but neither is an aliquot part of the ounce ; 

 though for practical purposes an ounce is considered to consist of 8 drachms. 



' Instructions how to make standard solutions will be given in the lessons 

 where they are used. 



