vi KUMBULAU PENINSULA 91 



one-third and two-thirds of a ton, a size indicating the immediate 

 vicinity of the vent, now obliterated, from which they were origin- 

 ally ejected. Near Kumbulau Point the blocks, which are made 

 of basaltic andesite, measure five or six cubic feet. Further north 

 in the vicinity of Vatu-Ndamu, the precipitous coast cliffs are 

 composed of agglomerates, the large blocks of which, often ten 

 cubic feet in dimension, are formed, not of the prevailing basaliic 

 andesites, as in other parts of the peninsula, but of a grey horn- 

 blende-andesite. This singular appearance of an acid andesite in 

 a region of basic rocks has no doubt given rise to the native name 

 of Vatu-Ndamu, "the red or brown stone." It belongs to the 

 second order of the hornblende-hypersthene-andesites, and is 

 described on page 298. 



Proceeding along the south coast westward from Kumbulau 

 Point, before arriving at the village of Na Tokalau we pass from 

 the district of agglomerates into that of the bedded tufaceous 

 sandstones and clays which are exposed all along the coast to 

 Kiombo about three miles away. The transition is indicated by 

 the agglomerates becoming interstratified with the tuff-beds. 

 These sedimentary tuffs are as a rule steeply inclined at angles of 

 20 to 40 degrees, the prevailing direction of the dip being to the 

 north-east, its uniformity for such a length of coast being note- 

 worthy. These beds however are occasionally " crumpled " ; and 

 here and there a globular structure is developed. 



The hills of this region of sedimentary tuffs between Na 

 Tokalau and Kiombo are the highest of the peninsula. They 

 usually attain a height of 400 feet, but do not reach 500 feet. 

 From each of them descends to the coast a spur terminating in a 

 rocky point ; whilst between these points lie low sandy flats, where 

 the native villages of Levuka, Kiombo, &c., are situated. The 

 tuff-rocks extend to the top of the hills behind Na Tokalau, and 

 probably this will be found true of most of the other hills. 

 Agglomerates are not common in the district. In the point west 

 of Na Tokalau, however, they are overlaid by basaltic agglo- 

 merates, some of the blocks being scoriaceous. In the point east 

 of Levuka, a chocolate-coloured somewhat calcareous tuff-clay 

 occurs interstratified in thin beds with the coarser deposits. 



The general characters of these tuff-sandstones and tuff-clays 

 have already been briefly referred to. The former are much 

 more prevalent and non-calcareous ; the latter are sometimes a 

 little calcareous and look like marl, and may perhaps contain a 

 few tests of foraminifera. Both are formed of the debris of basic 



