THE SKELETON 



79 



lants, and poisons affect the health and strength of the 

 bones. Surgeons report cases of fracture of the bones 



occurring in persons having 



the alcohol habit, where the 



bones would not unite by 



bony material, but remained 



flexible and useless. Indul- 

 gence in alcoholic liquors, 



especially wine, is a very 



prominent feature in the 



causation of gout, a disease of 



the joints. Tendency to gout 



may be inherited. Smoking 



in boyhood often results in 



low and stunted stature. 



Rheumatism of the joints, a 



diseased condition in which 



acids accumulate, affecting 



the nerves very painfully, is 

 FIG. 78 Tncor- sometimes caused by chronic 

 rect Position in indigestion, which in turn may 



Standing. , , , , , r This would be correct 



have been brought on by fre- if the bo d y were 

 quent taking of drugs, by want of exercise, 

 or by other causes. 



131. THOUGHT LESSON. The Joints of 

 the Arms (Figs. 61 and 66). The arm is 

 for grasping and for moving things. In order to perform 

 this function, the joints are so located and arranged as to 

 give to the movements of the arm the utmost possible 

 accuracy, range, firmness, and delicacy. 



' i. Determine which of the above four qualities predomi- 

 nates in different joints, as follows : The ball-and-socket 

 joint gives - - to the arm movements. The hinge joint 

 gives to the arm movements. The pivot and glid- 

 ing joints give and to the movements. 



FIG. 79. 



not apparently too 

 strained and stiff. 

 Compare positions 

 of head, chest, and 

 hips in Figs. 78 

 and 79. 



