HYGIENE OF RESPIRATION 



I8 7 



soil for germs which cause stomach trouble with bottle- 

 fed babies, unless the milk and the bottles are subjected to 

 hes t. Such milk is said to be sterilized. 



324. Many chemicals, as carbolic acid (if applied directly 

 to the germs), bichlorid 

 of mercury (i part to 

 1000 parts of water), ^. 

 chlorid of lime, destroy 

 germs and are called 

 germicides (" germ-kill- 

 ers "), and antiseptics 

 (against decay). They 

 are called also disinfect- 



ants, and are applied 



to houses, clothes, and 



premises where disease 



germs are supposed to 



lurk. The room and bedding where there has been an 



infectious disease should be thoroughly disinfected. Any- 



FIG. 162. Badly Made Well polluted with 

 Sewage. 



thing without germs, as pure food, is said to be aseptic 



(without decay). 



325. Aseptic Surgery. 

 Some years ago, when- 

 ever a leg was amputated, 

 or other surgical opera- 

 tions were performed, 

 there was the great dread 

 that mortification would 

 set in. It caused death 

 in one third of the sur- 

 gical cases. Now, with 

 aseptic surgery, mortification and blood poisoning are 

 very rare. The surgeon washes and sterilizes his hands 

 and instruments and his aprons. He scrubs the field of 

 operation on the body just as he does his hands., The 



FIG. 163. Inappropriate Neighbors. 



