800 



VOICE AND SPEECH 



[CH. LYII. 



throat known as Adam's apple. The cricoid cartilage (fig. 499, 5, 6), on the other 

 hand, is a complete ring ; the back part of the ring is much broader than the front. 

 On the top of this broad portion of the cricoid are the arytenoid cartilages (fig. 

 499, 7) ; the connections between the cricoid below and arytenoid cartilages above 

 are joints with synovial membrane and ligaments, the latter permitting tolerably 



FIG. 499. Cartilages of the larynx seen from the front. 1 to 4, Thyroid cartilage ; 1, vertical ridge or 

 pomum Adami ; 2, right ala ; 3, superior, and 4, inferior cornu of the right side ; 5, 6, cricoid carti- 

 lage ; 5, inside of the posterior part ; 6, anterior narrow part of the ring ; 7, arytenoid cartilages, x f . 



free motion between them. But although the arytenoid cartilages can move on the 

 cricoid, they accompany the latter in all its movements. The base by means of 

 which each arytenoid cartilage sits on the cricoid is triangular ; the anterior angle is 

 often called the vocal process : to it the posterior ends of the true vocal cords are 

 attached. The outer angle is thick, and called the muscular process. 



The cornicular cartilages, or cartilages of Santorini, are perched on the top of 



Lig. ary-epiglott. 



Cart. Wrisbergii. 

 Cart. Santorini. 



Cart, aryten. 

 Proc. muscul. 



Lig. crico-aryten. 

 Lig. cerato-crico. post. sup. 



Cornu infer. 

 Lig. cerato-crico. post. inf. 



Cart, tracheae. <-' 



Pars membran. 



FIG. 500. The larynx as seen from behind after removal of the muscles. The cartilages and ligaments 



only remain. (Stoerk.) 



the arytenoids ; the cuneiform cartilages, or cartilages of Wrisberg, are in a fold of 

 mucous membrane ; the epiglottis looks like a lid to the whole (fig. 500). 



The thyroid cartilage is connected with the cricoid, by the crico-thyroid mem- 

 brane, and also by joints with synovial membranes ; the lower cornua of the thyroid 

 clasp the cricoid between them, yet not so tightly but that the thyroid can revolve, 

 within a certain range, around an axis passing transversely through the two joints 



