CH. LVII.] 



MOVEMENTS OF THE VOCAL CORDS 



805 



be thus altered. In the production of a high note the vocal cords 

 are brought well within sight. In the utterance of low-pitched tones, 



Fio. 504. Three laryngoscopic views of the superior aperture of the larynx and surrounding parts. A, 

 the glottis during the emission of a high note in singing ; B, in easy and quiet inhalation of air ; C, 

 in the state of widest possible dilatation, as in inhaling a very deep breath. The diagrams A', B', and 

 C', show in horizontal sections of the glottis the position of the vocal cords and arytenoid cartilages 

 in the three several states represented in the other figures. In all the ligures so far as marked, the 

 letters indicate the parts as follows, viz. : I, the base of the tongue ; e, the upper free part of the 

 epiglottis ; e' t the tubercle or cushion of the epiglottis ; ph, part of the anterior wall of the 

 pharynx behind the larynx ; in the margin of the aryteno-epiglottidean fold, u>, the swelling of the 

 membrane caused by the cartilages of Wrisberg ; s, that of the cartilages of Santorini ; a, the tip or 

 summit of the arytenoid cartilages ; c v, the true vocal cords or lips of the rima glottidis ; c v s, the 

 superior or false vocal cords ; between them the ventricle of the larynx ; in C, tr is placed on the 

 anterior wall of the receding trachea, and b indicates the commencement of the two bronchi beyond 

 the bifurcation which may be brought into view in this state of extreme dilatation. (Quain, after 

 Czermak.) 



on the other hand, the epiglottis is depressed and brought over them, 

 and the arytenoid cartilages look as if they were trying to hide them- 

 selves under it (fig. 505). 



The approximation of the vocal cords also usually corresponds 

 with the height of the note produced ; but the width of the aperture 

 has no influence on the pitch of the note, as long as the vocal 

 cords have the same tension: only with a wide aperture the tone 

 is more difficult to produce and is less perfect, the rushing of the 

 air through the aperture being heard at the same time. 



