10 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Eye, 318. Luminosity or Brightness, 319. Qualities of Visual Sensations, 

 320. The Achromatic Series, 320. The Chromatic Series, 321. Color Satu- 

 ration and Color Fusion, 321. The Fundamental Colors, 322. The Com- 

 plementary Colors, 323. After Images, Positive and Negative, 323. Color 

 Contrasts, 324. Color Blindness, 325. Dichromatic Vision, 326. Tests for 

 Color Blindness, 327. Monochromatic Vision, 327. Distribution of Color 

 Sense in the Retina, 328. Functions of the Rods and Cones, 330. Theories 

 of Color Vision, 331. Entoptic Phenomena, 336. Shadows of Corpuscles 

 and Blood-vessels, 336. Shadows from Lens and Vitreous Humor, 337. 



Chapter XIX. Binocular Vision 338 



Movements of the Eyeballs, 338. Co-ordination of the Eye Muscles, Muscular 

 Insufficiency and Strabismus, 339. The Binocular Field of Vision, 340. 

 Corresponding or Identical Points, 340. Physiological Diplopia, 342. The 

 Horopter, 343. Suppression of Visual Images, 343. Struggle of the Visual 

 Fields, 344. Judgments of Solidity, 344. Monocular Perspective, 345. 

 Binocular Perspective, 346. Stereoscopic Vision, 347. Explanation of Binoc- 

 ular Perspective, 349. Judgments of Distance and Size, 349. Optical De- 

 ceptions, 350. 



Chapter XX. The Ear as an Organ for Sound Sensations 353 



The Pinna or Auricle, 354. The Tympanic Membrane, 354. The Ear Bones, 

 355. Mode of Action of the Ear Bones, 356. Muscles of the Middle Ear, 

 358. The Eustachian Tube, 359. Projection of the Auditory Sensations, 

 360. Sensory Epithelium of the Cochlea, 360. Nature and Action of the 

 Sound Waves, 361. Classification and Properties of Musical Sounds, 362. 

 Upper Harmonics or Overtones, 364. Sympathetic Vibrations and Reso- 

 nance, 366. Functions of the Cochlea, 366. Sensations of Harmony and Dis- 

 cord, 369. Limits of Hearing, 370. 



Chapter XXI. Functions of the Semicircular Canals and the 



Vestibule 372 



Position and Structure of the Semicircular Canals, 372. Flourens's Experi- 

 ments upon the Semicircular Canals, 372. Temporary and Permanent Effects 

 of the Operations, 374. Effect of Direct Stimulation of the Canals, 374. 

 Effect of Section of the Ampullary or the Acoustic Nerve, 375. Is the Effect 

 of Section of the Canals Due to Stimulation? 375. Theories of the Functions 

 of the Semicircular Canals, 375. Summary of the Views upon the Function 

 of the Semicircular Canals, 378. Functions of the Utriculus and Sacculus, 379. 



SECTION IV. 

 BLOOD AND LYMPH. 



Chapter XXII. General Properties of Blood. Physiology of 



the Corpuscles 381 



Histological Structure of Blood, 381. Reaction of the Blood, 382. Specific 

 Gravity of the Blood, 383. The Red Corpuscles, 384. Condition of the 

 Hemoglobin in the Corpuscles, 385. Hemolysis, 385. Hemolysis Due to 

 Variations in Osmotic Pressure, 386. Hemolysis Due to Action of Hemoly- 

 sins, 387. Nature and Amount of Hemoglobin, 389. Compounds of Hemo- 

 globin with Oxygen and Other Gases, 391. The Iron in the Hemoglobin, 

 392. Crystals of Hemoglobin, 393. Absorption Spectra of Hemoglobin and 

 Oxyhemoglobin, 394. Derivative Compounds of Hemoglobin, 398. Origin 

 and Fate of the Red Corpuscles, 401. Variations in the Number of Red Cor- 



Euscles, 402. Physiology of the Blood Leucocytes, 404. Variations in Num- 

 er of the Leucocytes, 405. Functions of the Leucocytes, 405. Physiology 

 of the Blood Plates, 406. 



Chapter XXIII. Chemical Composition of the Blood Plasma; 

 Coagulation; Quantity of Blood; Regeneration After 

 Hemorrhage 408 



Composition of the Plasma and Corpuscles. 408. Proteids of the Blood 

 Plasma, 410. Serum Albumin, 410. Paraglobulin (Serum Globulin), 411. 

 Fibrinogen, 412. Less Well-known Proteids of the Blood, 413. Coagula- 

 tion of Blood, 414. Theories of Clotting, 415. Why Blood Does Not Clot 

 Within the Vessels, 419. Intravascular Clotting, 421. Means of Hastening 

 or of Retarding Coagulation, 421. Total Quantity of Blood in the Body, 

 423. Regeneration of the Blood after Hemorrhage, 424. Blood Transfu- 

 sion, 426. 



Chapter XXIV. Composition and Formation of Lymph 427 



General Statements, 427. Formation of Lymph, 428. Lymphagogues of the 

 First Class, 430. Lymphagogues of the Second Class, 431. Summary of 

 the Factors Controlling the Flow of Lymph, 432. 



