56 OLEOMARGARINE. 



Mr. MILLER. Yes, sir. 



Senator BATE. Do you know in whose testimony it will be found? 



Senator WARREN. You will find it more quickly by looking for the 

 table. It is tabulated matter. 



Mr. MILLER. There was a resolution passed by the House calling 

 on the Secretary of the Treasury to give the materials used for the 

 past year in butterine. You will find that given by the Secretary of 

 the Treasury. It was not in the testimony given by the manufacturers. 



Senator BATE. But when you are silent upon the subject, it may 

 create the impression that you have a different formula from what is 

 given there. 



Mr. MILLER. None whatever. I will say that it ranges about this 

 way: We use about 35 per cent, or say 30 per cent, of oleo oil and 30 

 per cent of neutral. The balance would be cream, butter, and salt. 



Mr. TILLINGHAST. Cotton-seed oil? 



Mr. MILLER. Cotton-seed oil in the cheaper grades. 



Senator BATE. What about beef fat? 



Mr. MILLER. That is oleo oil. Oleo oil comes from beef. 



Senator BATE. Do you mix the fat from lard and the fat from beef ? 



Mr. MILLER. Those are all churned together. 



The CHAIRMAN. Those are the later products of the lard and tallow ? 



Mr. MILLER. Yes, sir. 



Senator BATE. Do you use steam in pressing them, or how do you 

 press them? 



Mr. MILLER. The materials? 



Senator BATE. Yes, sir. 



Mr. MILLER. They are all heated to a temperature of about 155 to 

 160 degrees. 



Senator BATE. Fahrenheit? 



Mr. MILLER. Yes, sir. Professor Wiley, the Chief Chemist of the 

 Agricultural Department, made a statement before the House com- 

 mittee to the effect that this temperature is sufficient to kill any germs 

 whatever that might be in these materials. 



The CHAIRMAN. What do you use to harden them, to make them 

 solid? 



Mr. MILLER. The oil is heated to a temperature of about 155 or 160 

 degrees. Then it is placed in presses, and we get two products from 

 it, oleo oil and stearin. Stearin is used in the manufacture of candles 

 We do not use stearin at all in the manufacture of butterine. 



The CHAIRMAN. The latter oils are tallow and lard ? I would not 

 suppose that they would have the consistency, that is, they would not 

 be solid enough to stand for hard butter, and I understand that oleo 

 keeps well in a hot climate. Is there not something used to harden it? 



Mr. MILLER. All these materials are churned together, and when 

 taken from the churn they are in a liquid form. It is run into vats 

 filled with either ice-cold water or cracked ice, and after it has been 

 stirred for some time it congeals. 



The CHAIRMAN. And remains solid? 



Mr. MILLER. Yes, sir. 



Senator BATE. And then it is put in a mold ? 



Mr. MILLER. Yes, sir; it is then placed in tubs and made in prints 

 and rolls. 



This is a petition from the South St. Paul Live Stock Exchange: 



"To the honorable the Senate and the House of Representatives of 

 the United States: 



