OLEOMARGARINE. 145 



diseased animals, for we think the effect would be to startle the popu- 

 lace and to induce it to lend a heartier support to those public officers 

 to whom has been assigned the duty of preventing unwholesome food 

 being sold to it; but the want of time prevents. We must content our- 

 selves with a brief reference to some points bearing directly upon the 

 subject in hand. The manner in which trichinae can get into artificial 

 butter can easily be seen from the following: When the animal takes 

 a cyst containing a trichina into its stomach the cyst is dissolved by the 

 gastric juice, which sets the trichina free, when it passes out of the 

 stomach into the intestine, where it develops in from a week to ten 

 days, and the female deposits her embryos from 60 to 2,000 for each 

 female trichina. The young trichinae then make their way through 

 the connective tissue to the muscles. Trichinae are found in hogs, 

 cattle, and sheep. Now, if those animals are killed during the migra- 

 tory stage, the caul fat would doubtless contain the parasite. Dr. Bil- 

 lings says he has frequently found encysted trichinae in the adipose 

 tissue between muscular tissue of very fat hogs, but not in the fat 

 lying upon the muscles. He states, however, that Professor Taylor, 

 of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, has seen in the 

 journal of the Miscroscopical Association that they have been found in 

 fat. Everyone is aware of the dangerous character of this disease. 



"A tapeworm is developed from a kind of germ called a cysticercus. 

 These are of different varieties, and are found in the solid parts of 

 hogs, cattle, and sheep. Animals infested with these germs are said 

 to have the measles. A cysticercus is developed from the egg of a 

 tapeworm. The fully matured tapeworm is developed in two separate 

 stages, as follows: The eggs of the worm pass out of the body and are 

 eaten by a man or another animal. They then find their way into the 

 solid tissues of this animal, when they develop into cysticerci, and so 

 remain until the cysticerci are again taken into the intestines of another 

 animal or man, where they reach their full development as a tapeworm. 

 Now, the heat applied to the fats employed in making artificial butter 

 is not sufficient to destroy these germs, as most of them are treated at 

 a temperature below 140 F. , as is seen from the abstracts. One patent 

 for making a compound to substitute butter for cooking purposes 

 requires a temperature of 190 to 200 F. One other for c improve- 

 ment in shortening for culinary uses ' uses a heat of 400 F. Six for 

 purifying and bleaching tallow, lard, etc., heats to 140, 150, 200, 

 200, 200, and 347 F., respectively. 



"Much interest is manifested at the present time in regard to germs 

 and their destruction, and as is always the case with new subjects there 

 is some difference of opinion in regard to the efficacy of different dis- 

 infecting agents. The following will give some idea of the amount of 

 heat required to kill disease germs: 



:4 Toussaint showed by experiment that the tuberculous element was 

 not confined to the diseased localities, but were diffused through all the 

 tissues, and that the juice of the flesh of a consumptive animal had 

 produced a disease in others after having been heated to 50 or 60 C. 

 (122 to 140 F.), the temperature of roasting beef, and that when given 

 in very small doses. 



"Referring to these experiments, Bartley says: 'Considering the 

 facts in this light, we ought to establish no degrees in tuberculosis; 

 when it exists it renders the consumption of flesh dangerous.' 



"In reference to trichinae, some observers, as Vallin, state that a 



S. Rep. 2043 10 



