OLEOMARGARINE. 147 



" '1. Boiling in water for two hours under a pressure of 50 pounds 

 per square inch. 



" '2. Boiling in water for four hours with pressure. 



" '3. Subjection to the action of confined sulphurous-acid gas for six 

 hours, burning li or 2 pounds roll brimstone in each 1,000 cubic feet 

 of space, with the rags well scattered upon racks. 



" ' 4. Disinfection in the bale by means of perforated screws or tubes 

 through which sulphur dioxide or superheated steam at a temperature 

 of not less than 330 degrees shall be forced under a pressure of four 

 atmospheres for a period sufficient to insure thorough disinfection,' etc. 



"James A. Russell, in Quain's Dictionary of Medicine, says: 'It is 

 extremely improbable that any contagium can withstand a temperature 

 of 220 F. (104.5 C.), maintained during two hours. When contagium 

 is shielded by thick material into which heat penetrates slowly, the time 

 necessary to reach the disinfection temperature may be long, and hence 

 the necessity for spreading clothing and opening out bedding in special 

 hot-air chambers, where the heat ought not to be less than 220 F. 

 (104.5 C.) nor more than 250 F. (112.1 C.).' 



"The following is an abstract from the report of the committee on 

 disinfectants of the American Public Health Association: ' The experi- 

 mental evidence recorded in these reports seems to justify the following 

 conclusions: The most useful agents for destruction of spore-contain- 

 ing infectious materials are : 



" '1. Fire, complete destruction by burning. , 



" '2. Steam under pressure, 230 F., for ten minutes. 



" C 3. Boiling in water for one hour.' 



"For the destruction of infectious material which owes its infecting 

 power to micro-organisms not containing spores, the committee recom- 

 mended: 



"'1. Fire, complete destruction by burning. 



" '2. Boiling in water half an hour. 



" ' 3. Dry heat, 230 F., for two hours,' etc. 



"It is alleged by the makers of artificial butter that the fats from 

 animals dying from disease could not be used in making these articles, 

 as they would 'stink' and taint the product, and the deodorization 

 would not remove said stink, etc. This is false, for we have tasted 

 and smelled of oil made from horses and dogs picked up in the streets 

 of New York and Brooklyn, dead of disease, and it had no unpleasant 

 taste or appearance; in fact, tastes as sweet as pure dried butter fat. 

 And, too, the suspicion is growing stronger and stronger among those 

 who are cognizant of the facts that those oils go into the artificial 

 butters. Why should so much pains be taken to render a sweet, clear 

 oil from dead horses and dogs? This would be adding unnecessary 

 expense if it was intended for lubricating purposes, and we do not 

 hear of its being commonly used in soap making. 



: ' The following letter, in answer to one from us, will tell its own 

 story : 



"BROOKLYN, N. Y., January 18, 1886. 



" DEAR DOCTOR: In reply to yours of the 12th instant I would say 

 that all I can say of the oil I showed in New York was that it was 

 manufactured on Newtown Creek, by Mr. Henry Beran. Mr. Beran 

 has the contract for the dead animals and offal of the city of Brooklyn. 

 The oil in question was made from the comb fat (so called) of horses 

 that is, from the top part of the neck of horses which were obtained 



