246 OLEOMAEGAKINE. 



further than this, that in the years gone by, from 1895 up to 1899, 

 numbers of creamery men were driven out of business because of the 

 competition of oleomargarine driven clean out of business; and it is 

 only in the past two years that the tide has changed. 



Mr. SPRINGER. Do you think that 4 per cent of the whole product 

 will materially interfere with a business that amounts to two billions 

 of pounds annually ? 



Mr. KAUFMAN. Oh, I will answer that question. I was shifted off 

 from what I wanted to say. Where is oleomargarine sold? There 

 are 107,000,000 pounds manufactured? Where is it sold? In the 

 States where the restrictive legislation has come in. In the State of 

 Pennsylvania not less than from twelve to twenty millions of pounds 

 are sold, in defiance of both United States and State law ; and they are 

 sold as butter that is where this stuff is sold. Why do not these 

 gentlemen sell it otherwise ? They come into a dairy State in defiance 

 of law, and sell it there. How do I know ? 



The ACTING CHAIRMAN. You say 12,000,000 pounds of butter are 

 manufactured in your State. Is that it? 



Mr. KAUFFMAN. No; I say sold in our State. 



The ACTING CHAIRMAN. Do you mean butter, or oleomargarine? 



Mr. KAUFFMAN. Oleomargarine. I say there are about 12,000,000 

 pounds of oleomargarine sold in our State. How do I know that? 



Mr. DRENNAN. Why is so much sold there, and so little sold in 

 New York? 



Mr. KAUFFMAN. Mr. Flanders has gone, but I will tell you why. 

 Because the laws in our State have not been enforced as they ought to 

 have been. 



Mr. GROUT. And yet you are making an appropriation of $60,000 a 

 year to enforce the law? 



Mr. KNIGHT. Two hundred and forty thousand dollars a year, Mr. 

 Grout. 



Mr. GROUT. Not for this law alone. 



Mr. KAUFFMAN. No. 



Mr. GROUT. There are $60,000 a year, as I understand, appropriated 

 and assigned to the enforcement of the oleomargarine laws in New 

 York; and that has been the case for half a dozen years or more. 



Mr. KAUFFMAN. Yes, sir; but in our State there was an appropria- 

 tion of $12,500 a year, which makes all the difference in the world, 

 of course. Then there were some disputes as to the construction of 

 the law, etc. But the laws, for some reason or other, were not 

 enforced; and because of that the oleomargarine manufacturers simply 

 flooded the States with their agents, who have proceeded to induce 

 small dealers to embark in this business. I have been told, over and 

 over again, by retail dealers who have come to me begging for mercy, 

 ' ' We have been led into this thing. The wholesalers have come to 

 us and said, 'You can go into this business; the law is no good; you 

 can go into it with perfect safety and we will take care of you, and 

 pay all your legal costs, and your fine. Go into the business."' And 

 because of the profits, and these people not knowing any better, they 

 are led into it by the wholesalers. They furnish them the stamps and 

 tell them all the schemes. Why, I have in my office an application 

 given to me by a retail dealer, who brought it to me, and said that a 

 wholesaler had given it to him, and said, "Now, go to work and make 

 out your application for the revenue license in the name of some 



