270 OLEOMARGARINE. 



Senator MONEY. The grease that is in the butter? 



Mr. SCHELL. It is the fat that is extracted from the milk and cream, 

 and by improved processes the creamery man can extract more of this 

 butter fat than the dairy man. That is where they have such an 

 immense advantage. 



Senator MONEY. By this centrifugal force? 



Mr. SCHELL. By centrifugal force. Now, while I am on this subject, 

 there has been a great deal of talk (not testimony, but talk) here as to 

 the selling of oleomargarine for butter, aud how a man goes in a store 

 and calls for butter and gets oleomargarine. But the statements have 

 been a unit, with the exception of the Philadelphia men, as to the fact 

 that the stamp always appeared on the wrapper, and the customer found 

 it when he got home, and then he knew that he had gotten oleo. 



Now, if B. H. Kroger were to sell one of his customers oleomar- 

 garine for butter, according to the testimony, or the talk of our oppo- 

 nents, he wraps it in one of these wrappers containing the stamp. The 

 customer goes home. lie finds out that he has been swindled. Well, 

 B. H. Kroger is not going to victimize that man, if he is an intelligent 

 man, more than once. So he not only loses his butter trade, but he 

 loses his trade in coffee, in canned pumpkins, canned string beans, aud 

 all canned goods here advertised, corn, starch, tomatoes, peaches, 

 asparagus, flour, sugar, and everything else that is handled at that 

 store. He loses his entire custom, all for the difference between the 

 price of a pound of oleo and a pound of butter. Gentlemen, it stands 

 to reason that that is not done to any great extent. 



Gentlemen, in regard to this subject generally, I want to say that 

 industries, like individuals, have their periods of growth, of maturity, 

 and of decay. In the butter industry the churn is rapidly following 

 the sickle, which was used in the age when Dutch churns were invented. 

 The sickle was displaced by the cradle, that by the reaper, that by the 

 binder; and they tell me that in the wild and woolly but progressive 

 West a machine thrashes the grain as it goes along. And the Dutch 

 churn must follow the example of the crooked stick attached to the 

 horns of an ox with a hickory withe, which the Dutch-churn farmer 

 used to cultivate the soil, but which has been displaced, step by step, 

 by a wooden plow, a single shovel, a double shovel, and so forth and 

 so on, until we have the labor-saving cultivator and riding-car of the 

 East and the immense steam plows of the mighty West. Recall your 

 last visit to the National Museum, and compare the wooden wheeled 

 wagon of the same generation as the Dutch churn of theunprogressive 

 farmer's wife with the wagon of to-day with which the progressive 

 farmer hauls his milk to the nearest creamery and the carriage in 

 which he drives his family to church on Sunday. Examine every- 

 thing, gentlemen, that has ever been produced by the ingenuity of man 

 to aid in the process of extracting wealth from the soil, or from the 

 animals over which God gave man dominion, and you will find immense 

 improvements in all, except that in the old Dutch churn the limit did 

 not seem to have been reached until science took a hand and creameries 

 were established to supply the wealthy, and the manufacturer of oleo- 

 margarine came into the field in the interest of the workingman. 



Senator FOSTER. Did not this gentleman from New York the other 

 day say that the old Danish way of making butter was the best? 



Mr. SCHELL. It is the slowest. 



Senator FOSTER. Did he not say it made the best butter? 



Mr. SCHELL. It makes the best butter under the proper conditions; 

 but he also said that the ordinary butter makers do not understand 



