OLEOMAKGAKINE. 283 



Now, to take his statement, lie begins: 



My business is that of editor of the Chicago Dairy Produce, a publication devoted 

 to the dairy and butter business. I have for the past three years been secretary of 

 the National Dairy Union, an organization of farmers who keep cows, and others 

 engaged in pursuits allied therewith. This organization at present comprises about 

 30,000 members who are farmers, and they are scattered all over the United States. 



Now, I do not know whether he is representing the same farmers 

 Governor Hoard represents or not; they are officers of the same organ- 

 ization; but it' he is, they have diminished on the same scale as did the 

 subject matter of the story of the boy who came in at night frightened 

 and told his father that there were 100 cats lighting under the barn. 

 That number was questioned, reduced to "50, anyway;" then to 25; 

 then to 10; and it kept on until they got down to "our old tomcat and 

 another one." And these five millions of people who are represented 

 by Governor Hoard, according to his statement, appear to have dwin- 

 dled at about the same ratio. 



Mr. KNIGHT. That was almost a year ago, Mr. Schell. 



Mr. SCHELL. March 7, 1900, is the only date we have here. And 

 when you call for another contribution you will find the rest have faded 

 away. 



Then on the next page he states: 



1 have had charge of the work of organization and the collection of facts regard- 

 ing the oleomargarine traffic of this country, and it is the enormous illegal and 

 fraudulent growth of the business during the past few years, in face of the best 

 restrictive laws the States have been able to devise, that has brought us to Congress 

 as a last resort to ask for relief. 



It was two years in that case; immediately after, fourteen. He 

 says: 



For the information of the committee, all of the members of which may not be 

 familiar with the history of national legislation along this line, I will state that 

 fourteen years ago, finding the powers of the State lielpless to cope against the 

 peculiar character of this fraud, the dairymen of this country arose en masse and 

 came to Congress for relief, feeling that nothing but Congressional action would 

 save their business from absolute ruin. 



And yet, in spite of all, and in spite of fate, the dairy interests have 

 been increasing in value all over the country, and the extent of it 

 appears somewhere in the record. I will not attempt to quote it, as I 

 want to be absolutely accurate. 



Mr. KNIGHT. They got what they called for then? 



Mr. SCHELL. No; they called for a 10-cent per pound tax then, and 

 they did not get it. 



Mr. KNIGHT. We got part of it. 



Mr. SCHELL. Now, to quote Mr. Knight* again, I want particular 

 attention paid to this (p. 6, House Com.): 



The matter of legislating against a counterfeit article, however, was found to be 

 a complex proposition for Congress, because of the constitutional restrictions which 

 prevent the Congress of the United States exercising police powers except for the 

 protection of its revenue receipts, interstate commerce, and other matters abso- 

 lutely within the limits of the Constitution; and after months of tedious investiga- 

 tion and effort what is known as the Hatch bill was finally originated by the 

 Committee on Agriculture and brought into the House. 



They concede the limitation of the police regulations. 



To pass on rapidly : At page 10 he quotes the Shollenberger case as 

 sustaining the Plumley case. 



In the Senate hearing, at page 4, he advises General Grout that the 

 cases conflict. 



Mr. KNIGHT. Do you mean that I advised General Grout that the 

 Sholleuberger and Plumley cases conflicted! 



