404 OLEOMAKGARIKE. 



mittee or not. He needs no encomium from me. Professor Wiley is too 

 well known the world over. Says he: 



Now, the value of a food is measured solely by two standards. First, its palata 

 bility; and second, its nutritive properties. You need not try to convince human 

 beings that palatability is not an element in nutrition, because it is, and yet you get 

 a great deal more out of a food if it is palatable in its taste and attractive in its 

 appearance, because the attitude of the digestive organs changes absolutely with 

 the appearance of the food. If you were to put butter up in the form of ink, it 

 might t>e just as digestible, and all that, and yet it would not be so useful as a food. 

 The appearance of the food has a great deal to do with the attitude of the digestive 

 organs toward it. 



A MEMBER. It is simply a reaction from it? 



Dr. WILEY (continuing). Yes; because the mind, the mental attitude, influences 

 the secretion of the ferments which produce the digestion, and hence we must have 

 some regard to that appearance. 



Senator DOLLIVER. Would you regard it is a matter altogether free 

 from criticism for a new business like the manufacture of oleomargarine 

 to attempt to get the advantage of the mental attitude that has been 

 created toward butter through the centuries that it has been in use? 



Mr. DAVIS. I will come to that with another quotation from Judge 

 Peckham in a few minutes. You have put in a nutshell the whole 

 argument on the other side, that because a thing is first in the field it 

 has the right to keep everything else out of the field, and I propose to 

 show you that that has not the sanction of the highest court of this 

 land. 



Now, I give another personal experience. I have a number of farmer 

 friends here within striking distance of Washington, among whom I 

 spend a great deal of my time. One of them, a most prosperous farmer, 

 for years was the maker of his own butter. In stead of making it now he 

 furnishes it to a neighbor, because he finds it more profitable to sell his 

 milk and cream than to take the time to churn, but the same cream 

 comes back to him on his table as the same butter he has been eating 

 since he was a boy, and that I have been eating at his table for years. 

 The other day when I was at his table his good wife asked him, please, 

 to caution the man to whom he was furnishing his cream to do the 

 mixing of the butter a little better, because, she said, "when it looks 

 that way I can't eat it" a perfectly natural experience. The very 

 thing that had gone from her own farm, and which she had been eating 

 for years and years, was made into butter by exactly the same proc- 

 esses she had been used to, but it did not look like it, and so it was 

 unpalatable. What Dr. Wiley says is a perfectly plain and intelligent 

 remark, a perfectly sage remark. The appearance to the eye is a part 

 of palatability. You hear people say they can not eat calf's brains 

 because they make them think of certain things that are not altogether 

 proper to mention to ears polite, especially in mixed company. And 

 so with other articles of diet. The eye is offended and the palate 

 rebels, and the object of putting this color into the butter is to avoid 

 that. ,1 will come presently to the other aspect of it. 



Now then, it is said, in the next place, as to the coloring of butter, 

 Why is it that we can not enforce the State laws? You have plenty 

 State laws. Why are they not enforced? That is the reason we have 

 to come to Congress. I want to ask our friends on the other side why 

 they are not enforced? That is not for us to answer; it is for them to 

 answer; but I will answer it. There are several reasons why those 

 State laws are not enforced. The first reason is because they are 

 unpopular; the second reason is because they are against the poor 

 man ; the third reason is because the public approval is not behind 

 them, which is the same thing as to say they are not popular; and never 



