OLEOMARGARINE. 427 



they have them. Mr. Armour, of Kansas City, owns the largest Here- 

 fore herd in the world, and he sells them on the Western ranges. 



Secretary WILSON. How many does he sell? 



Mr. MILLER. Generally from 40,000 to 50,000 four times a year. 



Secretary WILSON. How many head does he own! 



Mr. MILLER. I don't know. 



Secretary WILSON. I guess you will find that others own as large 

 herds. 



Mr. MILLER. He has the reputation of owning the largest herd in 

 the West. He holds a sale three or four times a year at Kansas City, 

 and all these bulls go to the Western herds. 



Secretary WILSON. If you will examine the reports of the experi- 

 ment station, you will find my report on that subject. They make excel- 

 lent feeders, but the difficulty with them is they are not good milkers. 

 They can not be used in the dairy. The man who originated them is 

 on record as saying that he could have made good dairy cattle of them 

 if he had turned his attention that way, but he did not. He turned 

 his attention to beef making, and he repressed the tendency to give 

 milk. The result is that they can be used for beef cattle, but the 

 demand to-day is for cattle that will give milk as well as raise calves, 

 and the people in the West who are grazing on the free commons could 

 not afford to keep a cow for the calf if they had to pay rent for those 

 lands. 



Senator ALLEN. I think this gentleman is mistaken, Secretary. The 

 four beef producing herds are the Shorthorn, Hereford, the Angus 

 Borden, and the Galloway. 



Secretary WILSON. That is right. 



Senator ALLEN. You can not sell anything else for beef producing. 



Secretary WILSON. That is right; but you can develop milk giving 

 in any of those breeds if you feed for milk. The Shorthorn is a famous 

 milker. You can make the Angus or the Galway or the Hereford milch 

 cattle if you will feed for milk and milk them. The difficulty has been 

 with the Herefords that they have been bred away from milk. That is 

 where the trouble is. Are there any other questions, gentlemen? 



Senator DOLLIVER. One more question, Mr. Secretary. Is it possible 

 to produce this-oleomargarine, according to your scientific report, of the 

 butter color, without coloring it artificially f 



Secretary WILSON. Oh, no. You can get the dairy cow's butter yel- 

 low, if you feed right; but the chemist can not put in any other color 

 without using the coal-tar dyes. 



Senator MONEY. If you put in enough cotton-seed oil, you can give 

 it a good color, and that is the best thing that goes into it, anyway. 



Secretary WILSON. I think there is only a very light shade of yellow 

 in the fine cotton -seed oil. 



Senator MONEY. They do refine it, and we eat it on our table every 

 day. 



Secretary WILSON. There is no possible direction in which the South 

 can renovate its worn-out lauds so fast as to feed that cotton seed to 

 stock. It is the finest feed on earth. 



Senator MONEY. I know that. I am a farmer. I raise cotton. 



Secretary WILSON. And you can not do it without the dairy cow. 



Senator MONEY. I raise cows, too. 



Secretary WILSON. The dairy cow is the only instrumentality. You 

 can not do it by commercial fertilizers, because it will not put the humus 

 in the soil. 



Senator MONEY. You are right about that. 



