OLEOMARGARINE. 511 



Mr. MILLER. That is a by-product of petroleum. That is not used 

 iii the manufacture of butterine at all. 



Senator ALLEN. What are the other ingredients'? 



Mr. MILLER. Neutral is made from the leaf lard of the hog. We get 

 about 8 pounds of that to the hog. That is churned together with 

 refined cotton -seed oil. 



Senator DOLLIVER. What is the average product of oleo oil to the 

 steer! 



Mr. MILLER. About 40 pounds we get. 



Senator DOLLIVER. How in any steers are slaughtered annually in 

 the United States from which this fat is taken ? 



Mr. MILLER. I think it has been stated here by the cattle people 

 that it is about 5,000,000. 



Senator DOLLIVER. Is that a correct statement? 



Mr. MILLER. I judge it is. 



Senator ALLEN. How is oleo oil made? 



Mr. MILLER. The oil expressed from the fat is churned together with 

 cream and salt and the coloring. 



Senator DOLLIVER. What is the annual export of oleo oil from the 

 United States? 



Mr. MILLER. I think in the neighborhood of 140,000,000 pounds. 



Senator DOLLIVER. And what is the annual product of oleo oil enter- 

 ing into the manufacture of oleomargarine? 



Mr. MILLER. I think it is about 30,000,000 pounds of neutral and 

 26,000,000 pounds of oleo oil. 



Senator DOLLIVER. So that the aggregate product of oleo oil you 

 think would be about 166,000,000 pounds? 



Mr. MILLER. That is right. 



Senator HANSBROUGKB. What is the proportion of cotton-seed oil 

 used? 



Mr. MILLER. It varies at different times in the year. Sometimes we 

 use 15 per cent and at other times 20 or 25 per cent. 



Senator ALLEN. Let 100 represent a pound of oleomargarine of fair 

 grade; what are the percentages of the different ingredients? 



Mr. MILLER. Of course it varies. All of the manufacturers have 

 different formulas, and again they vary at. different times in the year. 



It would average, I should say, about 30 per cent neutral, 20 per 

 cent cotton-seed oil, and the balance butter, cream, salt, and coloring. 

 The statement was made by the Secretary of the Treasury last year 

 that there was only about 10 per cent of cotton -seed oil used. That 

 was true; but that must be coupled with the fact that some manufac- 

 turers do not use it in their product. 



Senator HANSBROUGrH. So that it is not a necessary ingredient? 



Mr. MILLER. No, sir. And it is for this reason that the high grade 

 of butterine is rather a small percentage of the total amount of butter- 

 ine sold. In other words, there is more of the grade that contains 

 cotton seed oil sold, I guess, than of the higher grades. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. Is cotton-seed oil put in the higher or the 

 lower grades? 



Mr. MILLER. In the lower grades. 



Senator DOLLIVER. In regard to the oleo-oil product from the steer, 

 I would like to get, if it be possible to do so, the average oil product, 

 not from the heavy steer, but the average. 



Mr. MILLER. The average is about 40 pounds. 



Senator HANSBROUGrH. Including cows and all beef creatures? 



Mr. MILLER. Yes, sir. 



Senator HANSBBouan. The caul fat? 



