sif T>VvJ 



OLEOMAKGARINE. 545 



of Philadelphia making bets of $100 that he would send me to prison, 

 and giving $5 for the bets. He was betting people to a standstill. He 

 could get very few bets, because they all thought I was violating this 

 law and that I would finally be sent to prison. Of course he brought 

 as many suits as he possibly could. I think there were 41 cases against 

 us standing on the docket when the case was called in the United States 

 Supreme Court as to our right to sell goods in the original package. 



I went to Hrfrrisburg after this regulative law and theuncolored law 

 were passed. I went before the dairy commissioner and asked him 1 

 said: "In regard to that part of the law which refers to coloring oleo- 

 margarine like butter, I want to say that butter has no color." I said: 

 44 You have been taught to color butter by the ojeo people. We believe 

 that part of the law unconstitutional. Do you intend to enforce that, if 

 men sell oleo for oleo ?" He said: " We can best find that out by going 

 across to the attorney-general." I said: " I want to sell oleomargarine, 

 but I do not want to be harassed any more like I have been for the 

 past ten years in Philadelphia." 



I went with him over to the attorney-general and we had a talk with 

 the attorney general. He said: "Mr. Paul, it is a matter of opinion 

 whether that law is constitutional or not, but we will try a case in Har- 

 risburg, one in Pittsburg, and one in Philadelphia. If the cases are 

 decided in our favor they will be carried to the higher courts, and if 

 they are decided adversely to you you will have to quit selling oleo- 

 margarine." We went to work and took out our license. We went to our 

 trade and told them just exactly the situation of affairs. They imme- 

 diately took out their retail tax in the State, and also the United States 

 license, and commenced selling the goods. I am told that they had an 

 income of at least 800,000 last year in the State of Pennsylvania for 

 State licenses, even with that embargo of color on it. 



Now, I want to say this, gentlemen. If you drive oleomargarine out 

 by this excessive tax of 10 cents a pound on colored goods, you will 

 drive the manufacturing of butter back into the same old rut in which 

 it was in 1870 and 1871 and 1872, and on up to 1881. You will drive 

 the creamery system out of existence. They have been taught how to 

 make fine butter by the introduction of oleomargarine. The price of 

 butter is such at the present time that it pays the farmer very well for 

 what he is getting for his milk and cream. If this Grout bill becomes 

 a law the farmers of the country will commence making butter in a 

 slipshod way. 



Senator MONEY. I do not .understand exactly how, if oleomargarine 

 were driven out of business, the creamery business would be suppressed 

 as the best way to make butter and the farmers get a good return. 



Mr. PAUL. For the simple reason that on account of competition 

 among the trade, among: the business people, among the manufacturers 

 of process butter, who are active and energetic, more so than farmers, 

 they will be bidding higher prices for this lenovated butter, much 

 higher than the prices for milk and cream that can be made into cream- 

 ery butter during the summer months. This butter will be held from 

 the summer until the fall and winter in cold storage places and then 

 remilked, rechurned, and brought onto the market again. The first 

 creameries that were started got exorbitant prices for their butter hr 

 the early seventies, but they did not get sufficient to carry on the busk 

 ness. I believe the first prize awarded at the Centennial at Philadel- 

 phia was to Mr. Stewart, of Iowa, and he finally failed in business* 

 because he could not get sufficient goods at the time for the manufac- 

 ture of creamery butter. 



Senator MONEY. He could not get milk and cream enough ?. 

 S.. Rep. 2043 35 



