OLEOMARGARINE. 549 



Senator MONEY. Have you any figures about New York? That is a 

 great butter State. 



Mr. PAUL. I have not. We think we have got a very good State for 

 making butter. We claim that we make the best butter in the world 

 right around Philadelphia. They are getting $1 a pound around Phila- 

 delphia, the year round, for their butter, and from $1 down to 75 and 

 55 and 35 cents. 



Senator MONEY. It is the same thing in New York and, I believe, in 

 Vermont and Massachusetts. 



Mr. KNIGHT. I think the 90,000,000 pounds is based on the census 

 of 1800. 



Mr. PAUL I have never figured that out. That is from the depart- 

 ment of agriculture at Harrisburg. 



Mr. KNIGHT. We have nothing from this census yet. 



Mr. MILLER. I have the agricultural statement here. It does not 

 include the last ten years, but 1 would like to read the figures show- 

 ing the increase in the amount of butter produced. The total amount 

 of butter made in the United States in 1850 was 313,345,000 pounds; 

 in 1860, 411),()81,000 pounds; in 1870, 514,092,000 pounds; in 1880, 

 806,772,000 pounds; in 1890, 1,205,508,000 pounds; and from an esti- 

 mate made by the Secretary of Agriculture the other day the produc- 

 tion for 1900 will be 1,500,000 pounds, showing a steady increase since 

 1850. 



Mr. PAUL. It is impossible to furnish cheap butter to supply the 

 working classes of Philadelphia, or any other city, unless they use oleo- 

 margarine. The working people of the agricultural district of Penn- 

 sylvania in the part of the country where I was brought up, near 

 Carlisle, Cumberland County on an average do not make $100 a year. 



Senator MONEY. What do you mean by working people the farm 

 laborers? 



Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir; the farm laborers. Machinery has driven the 

 laborer out of existence almost. 



Senator MONEY. Somebody has to work the machines. 



Mr. PAUL. Yes; but you do not require as many of them as were 

 required to do the manual labor. For instance, you used to go into a 

 prosperous little village and you would find a shoemaker and two or 

 three blacksmiths and a carpenter. You would find a miller and a 

 boot and shoe maker and a tailor. Those men have gone out of exist- 

 ence practically. You will find cobblers there. These people are com- 

 pelled to buy butter at these exorbitant prices, and they can hardly 

 afford to do it. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. Is the proportion of idle men in that commu- 

 nity any greater now than it was ten or twenty or twenty-five years 



Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. There are more idle men? 



Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir; more idle men. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. Is there, not a greater demand for labor now 

 than there was then? 



Mr. PAUL. No, sir; there is very little. A great many of the men 

 of that country are going into the cities. 



Mr. SCHELL. I do not think Mr. Paul just understood the question. 

 I think he wishes in His reply to state, if I may interrupt him 



Mr. PAUL. Certainly. 



Mr. SCHELL. That there is not the demand for labor in these locali- 

 ties that there was years ago, and that there consequently would be 



