550 OLEOMARGARINE. 



more idle men; that they have been shifted toother centers where they 

 found employment. Is that correct? 



Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir. 



Senator BATE. As a matter of fact, machinery has done away with 

 manual labor to a certain extent. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. Still the proportion that is employed to-day 

 is greater than it was in years past? There are more hands at work 

 throughout the country, generally speaking, than there were ten or 

 twenty or twenty-five years ago? 



Senator MONEY. The population has doubled in that time. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. I am speaking proportionately, Senator. 



Mr. PAUL. The proportion of poor laborers, both in the cities and in 

 the country, is alarmingly great. I have made the suggestion there in 

 Philadelphia that if I were to advertise for 5,000 men at $1 a day, 360 

 days work in the year, the next morning I would have the streets in 

 front of my place crowded so much that nobody could get into the 

 place. For instance, a few years ago I wanted to distribute a lot of 

 circulars, and I put an advertisement in the paper, *' Wanted Persons 

 to address 20,000 envelopes," and asking them to state the price they 

 would address them for. In the next morning's mail I had 286 answers, 

 offering to do it at from 10 to 55 cents a thousand. That will show you 

 the amount of labor that is unemployed. 



Mr. KNIGHT. The displacing of a pound of butter by a pound of 

 oleomargarine drives labor from the farms to the city, does it not? 



Mr. PAUL. No, sir; it does not. 



Mr. KNIGHT. Why not? 



Mr. PAUL. For the simple reason that they have to have as much 

 labor on the farm as they had before to milk their cows. 



Mr. KNIGHT. If you take the business of making butter from the 

 farm and transfer it to the oleomargarine factory in the city, where is 

 your laborer employed? 



Mr. PAUL. You do not transfer it to the oleomargarine interests. 

 You transfer that butter in the shape of milk to the creameries. 



Mr. KNIGHT. But your oleomargarine supplants the creamery butter. 



Mr. PAUL. No, sir; it does not supplant creamery butter. It only 

 supplants poor butter. We do not ask as much for oleomargarine as 

 is paid for creamery butter. 



Senator MONEY. What do you get for your oleomargarine? There 

 seems to be three grades of it. What do you get for it I 



Mr. PAUL. We are handling the high-grade goods, and we sell the 

 goods at 15 cents a pound. 



Senator MONEY. Is that the best you have? 



Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir. 



Senator MONEY. What is the next best? 



Mr. PAUL. There are grades of oleo that are sold as low as 10 cents 

 a pound. 



Senator MONEY. But you only handle the first-class goods? 



Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. The best grade sells for 15 cents a pound 

 wholesale? 



Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. You sell to the retailer? 



Mr. PAUL. Yes, sir. 



Senator HANSBROUGH. Can you give us an idea of how much they 

 get at retail per pound ? 



Mr. PAUL. They are selling those goods at about 20 to 22 cents per 

 pound as oleomargarine. 



