OLEOMARGARINE. 559 



Now, there is another matter that has been in question here. Mr. 

 Miller made the statement to you that some 40 or 50 pounds of oleo 

 oil came from the caul fat of a steer. I have here Iowa Agricultural 

 Bulletin No. 20, showing the weight of 18 fatted steers fed at that 

 station, and the amount of caul fat therein, as taken out by Swift & 

 Co., of Chicago, and reported to Director James Wilson, now Secretary 

 of Agriculture. That bulletin shows that the average amount of 

 caul fat in steers weighing on an average 1,508 pounds was 37.66 

 pounds. The statement made before the Agricultural Committee of 

 the Senate 



Senator ALLEN. That is a pretty good steer. 



Mr. KNIGHT. The statement made before the Senate Committee on 

 Agriculture in 188(5 by Elmer E. Washburn, a live-stock dealer in Chi- 

 cago, showed that from 148,893 head of cattle slaughtered in that city 

 by one of the largest packing concerns, there was an average of 61.5 

 pounds of fat in those animals used in oleo oil; and that those 61.5 

 pounds made 28.1 pounds of oleo oil, which goes to prove that there is 

 less than 1 pound of oleo oil to 2 pounds of fat. 



The oleomargarine people, in all of their claims before this committee 

 and in other places, have stated that the fat used from the steer or 

 cattle was only the fattest and choicest caul fat; and Mr. Miller made 

 the statement to you that if they used any other it would be tallowy. 



According to this report of Secretary Wilson, there are on an aver- 

 age but 37.66 pounds of caul fat to the steer of 1,508 pounds, and it is 

 well known that cattle that are marketed will not average over 1,200 

 pounds. That would be a heavy average, would it not? 



Senator ALLEN. I should think it would be a full average, at least. 



Mr. KNIGHT. Under those circumstances, I think you can go to the 

 bottom of the thing, and find that they can not make more.than 15 

 pounds of oleo oil from the caul fat of the average animal. Counting 

 15 pounds to the average animal, and counting 5,000,000 cattle slaugh- 

 tered last year, they have recourse to caul fat for the making of but 

 75,000,000 pounds of oleo oil. There were 1 12,000,000 pounds of oleo 

 oil exported, and 24,4' 0,000 pounds used in oleomargarine, a total, I 

 think, of over 166.000,000 pounds, with a capacity of but 75,000,000 

 pounds of oleo oil from caul fat. 



Senator DOLLIVER. I supposed they used all the fat. 



Mr. KNIGHT. They must do it in order to get out everything, I should 

 say. Now, those are simply statistics, gentlemen. 



Senator DOLLIVER. Would that lift them out entirely ? 



Mr. KNIGHT. tSTot at 28 pounds to the head; no, sir. 



Senator ALLEN. Many of these animals, as I understand, are calves 

 and other animals that have not much fat in them. 



Mr. KNIGHT. On an average, according to Mr. Washburn's state- 

 ment, they get an average of 28.1 pounds of oleo oil from each animal. 



Mr. MILLER. That was one special lot. 



Mr. KNIGHT. Oh, no. One hundred and forty-seven thousand head. 



Senator MONEY. Whose report is that? 



Mr. KNIGHT. That is the report of Elmer E. Washburn, a live-stock 

 dealer of Chicago, who appeared on behalf of the oleomargarine makers. 

 It is in that record. 



Senator MONEY. I suppose you want to discredit that report by those 

 figures, do you? 



Mr. KNIGHT. No; 1 am not discrediting it at all. 



Senator MONEY. Oh, yes; you make it 15 pounds, and he says it 

 is 28. 



