652 OLEOMARGARINE. 



when a person sees that upoii a table naturally he will say, "If that is 

 butter, it is all right." It may be oleo, and then he may not eat it. 

 Justice Harlan, in the opinion on the Plumley case (155 U. S., p. 461), 

 says that the contention that the coloring of oleo yellow, as a fair con- 

 tention, will fall to the ground; and there is only one reason why they 

 should want to color it yellow, and that is that they may enhance its 

 value and to deceive people into thinking they are getting what they 

 do not want; and he says that the reason why it should be uncolored is 

 so as to compel the selling of the stuff for what it is and to prevent it 

 selling for what it is not; and the language of Justice Harlan on that 

 case is worth reading, and it is a fair exposition of the proposition. 



Gentlemen, I am very much obliged to you. 



The CHAIRMAN. What do you say as to the proposed addition to that 

 clause of a tax on all colored butter '? 



Mr. HEWES. On butter that is artificially colored I think we would 

 hail that with great pleasure, but I think it would be very hard to tell 

 where nature left off and art began. The coloring matter is only a trace, 

 and in all analyses that are furnished of butter and oleo. wherever there 

 is a color used, it is simply a trace. It is an imponderable quantity and 

 you can not tell what it is, and I would defy the greatest chemists in 

 the world to tell you whether that butter was colored or not by an 

 analysis. 



Mr. NEVILLE. If colored butter was intended to deceive people and 

 palm it off on the people for something else then it would be a different 

 case? 



Mr. HEWES. Yes, and 



Mr. NEVILLE. Have you any statistics as to how many butter makers 

 there are in the country? 



Mr. HEWES. I think those can be furnished. 



A BYSTANDER. There are 10,000 creamery butter makers. 



Mr. NEVILLE. In what proportion does it relate to the manufacture 

 of oleo 1 



Mr. HEWES. About 50,000 to 1. 



Mr. NEVILLE. Have you ever stopped to think a little voting would 

 fix this? 



Mr. HEWES. Where? 



Mr. NEVILLE. In the right direction. 



Mr. HEWES. We are voting here; we hope to vote here. 



Mr. NEVILLE. Have you not discovered that a man with a million 

 dollars has more power than a million men with one dollar each? 



Mr. HEWES. Unfortunately, yes. 



At this point, the members of the committee having to go upon the 

 floor of the House to attend its session, the committee adjourned. 



MARCH 28, 1900. 



The subcommittee on the Bureau of Animal Industry of the Com- 

 mittee on Agriculture met at 10.30 o'clock a. m., Hon. William Lorimer 

 in the chair. 



STATEMENT OF MR, S. H. COWAN, OF FOET WORTH, TEX,, GENERAL 

 ATTORNEY OF THE CATTLE RAISERS' ASSOCIATION OF TEXAS. 



The CHAIRMAN. Will you just state to the committee, in a general 

 way, what you wish to say? 



Mr. COWAN. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the committee, the object 

 of my appearance here is to present to your committee the desires of a 



(*70) 



