754 OLEOMARGARINE. 



so-called rendering tanks that are complained of in the published letter, and that 

 they should follow the different materials that go into the production of oleomar- 

 garine from the point where the animals are slaughtered, or where the fats are taken 

 from the animals after heing slaughtered, through all of their different processes and 

 manipulations, to the finished oils. 



Revenue A^ent Burgh reports the following as heing the result of his investigation 

 at the establishment of Armour & Co. He took up his investigation of the mate- 

 rials that enter into the production of oleomargarine at the point where the fats are 

 taken from the carcasses; that he followed the fat products of the hog and of the 

 beef from that point through their various channels until the process of the produc- 

 tion of neutral oil and oleo oil was fully completed. In pursuing his investigations 

 with reference to neutral oil, he found that the leaf of the hog, commonly known as 

 the leaf lard, and back fat that is to say, that portion of the fat of the hog that is 

 taken from the back are the only portions of the hog product that goes into the pro- 

 duction of neutral oil. These fats, after being taken from the hog, are placed for a 

 time in a refrigerating room for the purpose of extracting all animal heat, and are 

 allowed to remain there until such time as they may be needed for the production of 

 neutral oil, when they are taken from the refrigerating room to a cutting machine, 

 where they are reduced to smaller particles. From the cutting machines all parti- 

 cles are removed to a griudJng machine, where the mass is reduced to a pulp about 

 the consistency of ice cream. The ground mass or pulp is put into open heating 

 tanks, where it is allowed to heat to about 160 temperature, where the neutral oil 

 is separated from the fiber or tissue. 



Revenue Agent Burgh further reports that his investigation at Armour & Co.'s 

 establishment, like that at other packing establishments visited by him, disclosed 

 the fact that these establishments do employ in their business rendering tanks, but 

 these rendering tanks are in no wise employed in the production of neutral oils, and 

 can not be so employed. (This will be commented upon later and the reasons fully 

 set forth.) 



The question of the production of oleo oil was next taken up by Revenue Agent 

 Burgh, and made the subject of his investigation at the Armour plant. It was found, 

 by following the fat from the point at which it was taken from the beef, that oleo 

 oil is obtained in a similar manner to that by which neutral oil is obtained. The 

 beef fats that go into the production of oleo oils are known as caul fat, ruffle fat, and 

 kidney fat, the caul fat and ruffle fat being used in the production of the higher 

 grades of oleo oil and the kidney fat being used in the lower grades of oleo oil. 



Revenue Agent Burgh further reports that in his investigation at Armour & Co.'s 

 he did not find any process employed by that company for processing and deodoriz- 

 ing unwholesome fats, such as is mentioned in the published letter, and upon this 

 point he obtained a statement from G. J. Brine, of Armour & Co., which statement 

 is herewith submitted, and is made a part of this report, and marked Exhibit A. 



Revenue Agent Burgh next visited the establishment of Thomas J. Lipton Com- 

 pany, packers of meats and producers of both neutral and oleo oils, where the same 

 conditions were found as were found at Armour & Co.'s. These gentlemen informed 

 Revenue Agent Burgh that, so far as they were concerned, they had received no 

 demands from oleomargarine manufacturers for either neutral oil or oleo oil that is 

 produced from any of the lower grades of fats. At this establishment there was an 

 absence of the so-called rendering tanks for rendering the poorer grades of fat men- 

 tioned in the published letter. 



Revenue Agent Burgh next visited the packing establishment of Boyd, Lnnham 

 & Co., packers of meats and producers of oleo and neutral oils. The same method 

 of investigation was pursued at this establishment as that employed at the Armour & 

 Co. and Thomas J. Lipton Company plants. Boyd, Lunhani <fc Co., in a letter to 

 Revenue Agent Burgh, which I inclose with this report, say, in answer to his inquiry 

 relative to the nature of the materials that are used by them in the production of 

 neutral and oleo oils: "We supply to the manufacturers of oleomargarine and but- 

 terine, and in no case have we delivered to them other than the straight goods, viz, 

 leaf lard and back fat, nor has there been any solicitation on the part of such 

 manufacturers to furnish any other than the two above-named products.' 7 (See 

 Exhibit B.) 



Special employees O. S. Martin and J. O. Anderson, having visited Swift & Co. and 

 Nelson Morris &. Co., report the result of their investigations with reference to the 

 materials used in the manufacture of neutral oil and oleo oils by these establish- 

 ments in the following manner. I qnote from their report: 



"On the 30th ultimo we visited the packing house of Swift & Co. at the Union 

 Stock Yards and began our investigations at the slaughtering pens at the hog 

 department, and found that upon the opening of the slaughtered hog the leaf fat is 

 taken therefrom and removed to the cooling room, where the animal heat is allowed 

 to escape. This leaf fat we then followed to the top of the neutral department, 

 where we spent Rome time in watching the product enter what is known as the 



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