778 OLEOMABG ARINE. 



selling one product in the name of other products or of other articles of 

 the same product? 



Dr. WILEY. Well, I have just said that I was not a prohibitionist in 

 regard to coloring foods. I would not say that colors should not be 

 used in the manufacture of food. I would even be willing to admit the 

 use of copper in preserving the color of peas and beans, which look so 

 attractive in their green color, and which, if not preserved in this way, 

 soon become yellow on standing, and lose their attractive appearance. 

 But I have always insisted, in my public addresses and in my commu- 

 nications to Congress, before committees and otherwise, that no color- 

 ing matter should be employed unless the fact is plainly indicated upon 

 the package, so that the purchaser may know exactly what it is. And 

 that is the attitude that I hold toward pure-food legislation that it 

 should be general and not special in its character. I believe that the 

 dairy interests would be far better protected under the Brosius bill, 

 which is pending before Congress, than under a special bill, because all 

 the interests would be placed on the same footing. The Brosius bill 

 absolutely prohibits the sale of any product as an imitation or under 

 the name of another, and provides penalties for that specific purpose; 

 so that it would be absolutely impossible under the law, if that bill were 

 passed, to sell oleomargarine for butter anywhere in this country. 



.Representative WILLIAMS. That is, in interstate commerce? 



Dr. WILEY. Yes; as far as Congress can provide, under interstate 

 commerce, of course, for prohibiting the transportation of these articles. 

 At the present time, with perhaps the exception of well, I do not know 

 that I will make any exception I believe that the fraud in selling 

 oleomargarine for butter (although I do not know the statistics) is per- 

 haps the most pronounced of any food fraud in this country and is 

 deserving of the most rigid punishment. 



Representative WILLIAMS. In that connection, will you tell us some- 

 thing about the fraud of "renovated butter," if you know about it? 



Dr. WILEY. Yes; I know a good deal about that, not from a manu- 

 facturing point of view, but the other. 



Representative WILLIAMS. I wish you would tell the committee 

 about it. 



Dr. WILEY. Two years ago I was addressing farmers' institutes in 

 southern Indiana, and I saw, loading on the cars at North Vernon, car 

 after car of barrels. I said to my friend, who was the agent, "What 

 have you got in all these barrels?" " Why," he said, "butter, which 

 we have bought all over this country." I said : "Are vou sending it 

 to New York?" "No, sending it to Elgin." "What for?" "Why," 

 he said, "they take it there, and it is renovated and sold as Elgin 

 creamery butter all over this country." And there was carload after 

 carload of country butter (and some of you know what country butter 

 is, indiscriminately) which was hardly fit to go on to the market, but 

 which was being sent there for the purpose of having it reduced to 

 uniform grade in a town famous for its butter, so that, being sent from 

 that town, it could get an additional price in the world's markets. 

 And that is a very common practice where creameries do not exist; and 

 they are not found all over this country. The old-fashioned way of 

 making butter in the farm-house still obtains in such places; and 

 sometimes, as Mr. Wadsworth has said, the butter is made of cream 

 which is not taken at the right moment, and which is not entirely 

 palatable. Now, I do not know the exact process of renovation, 

 although I know something about it. I know that the butter is melted ; 

 I know that the curd is removed, and it has been stated that the ran- 



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