OLEOMARGARINE. 843 



the very large majority of the farmers and stock raisers of my State. It undoubt- 

 edly does represent the sentiment of the packers, commission men, owners of live 

 stock on the ranges, and like interests, but it does not represent the sentiment of 

 our farmers and dairymen who are by far the largest raisers and owners of live stock. 



When I say "owners of live stock on ranges," I have reference to that class of 

 men who own large interests in live stock. 



Senator ALLEN. Large herds? 



Mr. BASSETT. Large herds, yes; and those men do not do much in a dairy way. I 

 have reference to men who own comparatively small herds of cattle. 



In view of the statement made by Judge Springer, on page 114, 

 which would lead one to believe that 58 pounds of oleo oil came out of 

 every steer, as there was that amount of caul fat therein, attention is 

 called to the following discussion, which appears on page 559: 



Mr. KNIGHT. Now, there is another matter that has been in question here. Mr. 

 Miller made the statement to you that some 40 or 50 pounds of oleo oil came from the 

 caul fat of a steer. I have here Iowa Agricultural Bulletin No. 20, showing the weight 

 of 18 fatted steers fed at that station, and the amount of caul fat therein, as taken 

 out by Swift & Co., of Chicago, and reported to Director James Wilson, now Secre- 

 tary of Agriculture. That bulletin shows that the average amount of caul fat in 

 steers weighing on an average 1,508 pounds was 37.66 pounds. The statement made 

 before the Agricultural Committee of the Senate 



Senator ALLEN. That is a pretty good steer. 



Mr. KNIGHT. The statement made before the Senate Committee on Agriculture in 

 1886 by Elmer E. Washburn, a live-stock dealer in Chicago, showed that from 148,893 

 head of cattle slaughtered in that city by one of the largest packing concerns there 

 was an average of 61.5 pounds of fat in those animals used in oleo oil, and that those 

 61.5 pounds made 28.1 pounds of oleo oil, which goes to prove that there is less than 

 1 pound of oleo oil to 2 pounds of fat. 



The oleomargarine people, in all of their claims before this committee and in other 

 places, have stated that the fat used from the steer or cattle was only the finest and 

 choicest caul fat; and Mr. Miller made the statement to you that if they used any 

 other it would be tallowy. 



According to this report of Secretary Wilson, there are on an average but 37.66 

 pounds of caul fat to the steer of 1,508 pounds, and it is well known that cattle that 

 are marketed will not average over 1,200 pounds. That would be a heavy average, 

 would it not? 



Senator ALLEN. I should think it would be a full average, at least. 



Mr. KNIGHT. Under those circumstances, I think you can go to the bottom of the 

 thing and find that they can not make more than 15 "pounds of oleo oil from the caul 

 fat of the average animal. Counting 15 pounds to the average animal, and counting 

 5,000,000 cattle slaughtered last year, they have recourse to caul fat for the making 

 of but 75,000,000 pounds of oleo oil. There were 142,000,000 pounds of oleo oil 

 exported, and 24,400,000 pounds used in oleomargarine, a total, I think, of over 

 166,000,000 pounds, with a capacity of but 75, 000, 000 pounds of oleo oil from caul fat. 



Senator DOLLIVER. I supposed they used all the fat. 



Mr. KNIGHT. They must do it in order to get out everything, I should say. Now, 

 those are simply statistics, gentlemen. 



Senator DOLLIVER. Would that lift them out entirely? 



Mr. KNIGHT. Not at 28 pounds to the head; no, sir. 



Senator ALLEN. Many of these animals, as I understand, are calves and other ani- 

 mals that have not much fat in them. 



Mr. KNIGHT. On an average, according to Mr. Washburn' s statement, they get 28.1 

 pounds of oleo oil from each animal. 



Mr. MILLER. That was one special lot? 



Mr. KNIGHT. Oh, no. One hundred and forty-seven thousand head. 



Senator MONEY. Whose report is that? 



Mr. KNIGHT. That is the report of Elmer E. Washburn, a live-stock dealer of Chi- 

 cago, who appeared on behalf of the oleomargarine makers. It is in that record. 



Which we claim disproves the theory that oleo oil is made wholly 

 from the "caul fat" of the steer. 



THE COTTON-SEED OIL OPPOSITION. 



The protests of the cotton-seed-oil pressers against the Grout bill 

 have been second only to the expressions of the cattlemen. The 



