186 ANIMAL PAEASITES. 



diaphragm. The latter and the convex surface of the liver 

 were firmly united, and in other places, between the liver, the 

 stomach, and the intestines, there was union by fibres and false 

 membranes. At the same time the entire convex surface of the 

 liver was covered with a thick rind of exudation. After the 

 separation of the diaphragm from the liver, 4 5 parallel super- 

 ficial streaks were observed, which resembled swollen hepatic 

 ducts with Distoma, and contained the cystic worms. The walls 

 of the ductus choledochus were swollen, rigid, and dirty yellow, 

 as were also the walls of particular cysts in the liver (remains of 

 inflammation), whilst the cysts in the mesentery and intestines, 

 on the pericardium, and in the lungs, were without traces of 

 inflammation. On the stomach remains of inflammation showed 

 themselves as morbid growths, and the bladder was thickened, 

 rendered turbid, and discoloured. That the mode of production 

 of this scolex is hereby proved, is perfectly evident. In sheep 

 the Cysticercus usually occurs single. The pig offers a far more 

 congenial soil for the development of the brood, in which, as 

 before remarked, I found as many as eighty living Cysticerci, 

 without reckoning the dead ones. I have hitherto not had pigs 

 at command for this purpose. It need not trouble us for the 

 present that the experiment is not always crowned with success ; 

 it is sufficient that it has repeatedly succeeded in different 

 places, especialty in my last case, and that we may admit that, 

 under particular, favorable circumstances, such a cystic worm is 

 developed from the eggs of this Tcenia even in man. Above all 

 things, however, we may suppose that, as this Tamia dwells espe- 

 cially in the intestines of the dog, its eggs must occur most 

 plentifully in those places where sheep-dogs and butchers' dogs 

 are most numerous. Thus, as I found this T&nia accidentally in 

 dissecting a sheep-dog on the property of M. Kind, of Kleiri- 

 bautzen, and not long since repeatedly in butchers' dogs in Zittau. 

 From this we may presume that it is also abundant in other places 

 where there is an extensive breeding of sheep. Now, as in 

 Iceland the sheep-dogs and the breeding of sheep (vide infra) 

 play an important part, a frequent opportunity will be offered 

 in that land for the escape of the eggs of the Taenia into the ex- 

 ternal world, and for their getting into drinking-water, and with 

 this, or with raw articles of food grown in moist places, into the 

 human stomach. For the prophylaxis, therefore, it is in the 

 first degree necessary, that the dogs, as soon as they are seen to 



